feat(zai): add GLM-4.7 model with thinking mode support (#10282)

Co-authored-by: Roo Code <[email protected]>

packages/types/src/providers/zai.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export type InternationalZAiModelId = keyof typeof internationalZAiModels
 export const internationalZAiDefaultModelId: InternationalZAiModelId = "glm-4.6"
 export const internationalZAiModels = {
 	"glm-4.5": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5 is Zhipu's latest featured model. Its comprehensive capabilities in reasoning, coding, and agent reach the state-of-the-art (SOTA) level among open-source models, with a context length of up to 128k.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-air": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5-Air is the lightweight version of GLM-4.5. It balances performance and cost-effectiveness, and can flexibly switch to hybrid thinking models.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-x": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5-X is a high-performance variant optimized for strong reasoning with ultra-fast responses.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-airx": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 		description: "GLM-4.5-AirX is a lightweight, ultra-fast variant delivering strong performance with lower cost.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-flash": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5V is Z.AI's multimodal visual reasoning model (image/video/text/file input), optimized for GUI tasks, grounding, and document/video understanding.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.6": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 200_000,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -107,8 +107,25 @@ export const internationalZAiModels = {
 		description:
 			"GLM-4.6 is Zhipu's newest model with an extended context window of up to 200k tokens, providing enhanced capabilities for processing longer documents and conversations.",
 	},
+	"glm-4.7": {
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
+		contextWindow: 200_000,
+		supportsImages: false,
+		supportsPromptCache: true,
+		supportsNativeTools: true,
+		defaultToolProtocol: "native",
+		supportsReasoningEffort: ["disable", "medium"],
+		reasoningEffort: "medium",
+		preserveReasoning: true,
+		inputPrice: 0.6,
+		outputPrice: 2.2,
+		cacheWritesPrice: 0,
+		cacheReadsPrice: 0.11,
+		description:
+			"GLM-4.7 is Zhipu's latest model with built-in thinking capabilities enabled by default. It provides enhanced reasoning for complex tasks while maintaining fast response times.",
+	},
 	"glm-4-32b-0414-128k": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: false,
@@ -126,7 +143,7 @@ export type MainlandZAiModelId = keyof typeof mainlandZAiModels
 export const mainlandZAiDefaultModelId: MainlandZAiModelId = "glm-4.6"
 export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 	"glm-4.5": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -140,7 +157,7 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5 is Zhipu's latest featured model. Its comprehensive capabilities in reasoning, coding, and agent reach the state-of-the-art (SOTA) level among open-source models, with a context length of up to 128k.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-air": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -154,7 +171,7 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5-Air is the lightweight version of GLM-4.5. It balances performance and cost-effectiveness, and can flexibly switch to hybrid thinking models.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-x": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -168,7 +185,7 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5-X is a high-performance variant optimized for strong reasoning with ultra-fast responses.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-airx": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -181,7 +198,7 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 		description: "GLM-4.5-AirX is a lightweight, ultra-fast variant delivering strong performance with lower cost.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.5-flash": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 131_072,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -208,7 +225,7 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 			"GLM-4.5V is Z.AI's multimodal visual reasoning model (image/video/text/file input), optimized for GUI tasks, grounding, and document/video understanding.",
 	},
 	"glm-4.6": {
-		maxTokens: 98_304,
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
 		contextWindow: 204_800,
 		supportsImages: false,
 		supportsPromptCache: true,
@@ -221,6 +238,23 @@ export const mainlandZAiModels = {
 		description:
 			"GLM-4.6 is Zhipu's newest model with an extended context window of up to 200k tokens, providing enhanced capabilities for processing longer documents and conversations.",
 	},
+	"glm-4.7": {
+		maxTokens: 16_384,
+		contextWindow: 204_800,
+		supportsImages: false,
+		supportsPromptCache: true,
+		supportsNativeTools: true,
+		defaultToolProtocol: "native",
+		supportsReasoningEffort: ["disable", "medium"],
+		reasoningEffort: "medium",
+		preserveReasoning: true,
+		inputPrice: 0.29,
+		outputPrice: 1.14,
+		cacheWritesPrice: 0,
+		cacheReadsPrice: 0.057,
+		description:
+			"GLM-4.7 is Zhipu's latest model with built-in thinking capabilities enabled by default. It provides enhanced reasoning for complex tasks while maintaining fast response times.",
+	},
 } as const satisfies Record<string, ModelInfo>
 
 export const ZAI_DEFAULT_TEMPERATURE = 0.6

src/api/providers/__tests__/zai.spec.ts

@@ -82,6 +82,22 @@ describe("ZAiHandler", () => {
 			expect(model.info.contextWindow).toBe(200_000)
 		})
 
+		it("should return GLM-4.7 international model with thinking support", () => {
+			const testModelId: InternationalZAiModelId = "glm-4.7"
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: testModelId,
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "international_coding",
+			})
+			const model = handlerWithModel.getModel()
+			expect(model.id).toBe(testModelId)
+			expect(model.info).toEqual(internationalZAiModels[testModelId])
+			expect(model.info.contextWindow).toBe(200_000)
+			expect(model.info.supportsReasoningEffort).toEqual(["disable", "medium"])
+			expect(model.info.reasoningEffort).toBe("medium")
+			expect(model.info.preserveReasoning).toBe(true)
+		})
+
 		it("should return GLM-4.5v international model with vision support", () => {
 			const testModelId: InternationalZAiModelId = "glm-4.5v"
 			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
@@ -161,6 +177,22 @@ describe("ZAiHandler", () => {
 			expect(model.info.maxTokens).toBe(16_384)
 			expect(model.info.contextWindow).toBe(131_072)
 		})
+
+		it("should return GLM-4.7 China model with thinking support", () => {
+			const testModelId: MainlandZAiModelId = "glm-4.7"
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: testModelId,
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "china_coding",
+			})
+			const model = handlerWithModel.getModel()
+			expect(model.id).toBe(testModelId)
+			expect(model.info).toEqual(mainlandZAiModels[testModelId])
+			expect(model.info.contextWindow).toBe(204_800)
+			expect(model.info.supportsReasoningEffort).toEqual(["disable", "medium"])
+			expect(model.info.reasoningEffort).toBe("medium")
+			expect(model.info.preserveReasoning).toBe(true)
+		})
 	})
 
 	describe("International API", () => {
@@ -371,4 +403,123 @@ describe("ZAiHandler", () => {
 			)
 		})
 	})
+
+	describe("GLM-4.7 Thinking Mode", () => {
+		it("should enable thinking by default for GLM-4.7 (default reasoningEffort is medium)", async () => {
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: "glm-4.7",
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "international_coding",
+				// No reasoningEffort setting - should use model default (medium)
+			})
+
+			mockCreate.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+				return {
+					[Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({
+						async next() {
+							return { done: true }
+						},
+					}),
+				}
+			})
+
+			const messageGenerator = handlerWithModel.createMessage("system prompt", [])
+			await messageGenerator.next()
+
+			// For GLM-4.7 with default reasoning (medium), thinking should be enabled
+			expect(mockCreate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.objectContaining({
+					model: "glm-4.7",
+					thinking: { type: "enabled" },
+				}),
+			)
+		})
+
+		it("should disable thinking for GLM-4.7 when reasoningEffort is set to disable", async () => {
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: "glm-4.7",
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "international_coding",
+				enableReasoningEffort: true,
+				reasoningEffort: "disable",
+			})
+
+			mockCreate.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+				return {
+					[Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({
+						async next() {
+							return { done: true }
+						},
+					}),
+				}
+			})
+
+			const messageGenerator = handlerWithModel.createMessage("system prompt", [])
+			await messageGenerator.next()
+
+			// For GLM-4.7 with reasoning disabled, thinking should be disabled
+			expect(mockCreate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.objectContaining({
+					model: "glm-4.7",
+					thinking: { type: "disabled" },
+				}),
+			)
+		})
+
+		it("should enable thinking for GLM-4.7 when reasoningEffort is set to medium", async () => {
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: "glm-4.7",
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "international_coding",
+				enableReasoningEffort: true,
+				reasoningEffort: "medium",
+			})
+
+			mockCreate.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+				return {
+					[Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({
+						async next() {
+							return { done: true }
+						},
+					}),
+				}
+			})
+
+			const messageGenerator = handlerWithModel.createMessage("system prompt", [])
+			await messageGenerator.next()
+
+			// For GLM-4.7 with reasoning set to medium, thinking should be enabled
+			expect(mockCreate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.objectContaining({
+					model: "glm-4.7",
+					thinking: { type: "enabled" },
+				}),
+			)
+		})
+
+		it("should NOT add thinking parameter for non-thinking models like GLM-4.6", async () => {
+			const handlerWithModel = new ZAiHandler({
+				apiModelId: "glm-4.6",
+				zaiApiKey: "test-zai-api-key",
+				zaiApiLine: "international_coding",
+			})
+
+			mockCreate.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+				return {
+					[Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => ({
+						async next() {
+							return { done: true }
+						},
+					}),
+				}
+			})
+
+			const messageGenerator = handlerWithModel.createMessage("system prompt", [])
+			await messageGenerator.next()
+
+			// For GLM-4.6 (no thinking support), thinking parameter should not be present
+			const callArgs = mockCreate.mock.calls[0][0]
+			expect(callArgs.thinking).toBeUndefined()
+		})
+	})
 })

src/api/providers/zai.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import { Anthropic } from "@anthropic-ai/sdk"
+import OpenAI from "openai"
+
 import {
 	internationalZAiModels,
 	mainlandZAiModels,
@@ -8,10 +11,17 @@ import {
 	zaiApiLineConfigs,
 } from "@roo-code/types"
 
-import type { ApiHandlerOptions } from "../../shared/api"
+import { type ApiHandlerOptions, getModelMaxOutputTokens, shouldUseReasoningEffort } from "../../shared/api"
+import { convertToZAiFormat } from "../transform/zai-format"
 
+import type { ApiHandlerCreateMessageMetadata } from "../index"
 import { BaseOpenAiCompatibleProvider } from "./base-openai-compatible-provider"
 
+// Custom interface for Z.ai params to support thinking mode
+type ZAiChatCompletionParams = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionCreateParamsStreaming & {
+	thinking?: { type: "enabled" | "disabled" }
+}
+
 export class ZAiHandler extends BaseOpenAiCompatibleProvider<string> {
 	constructor(options: ApiHandlerOptions) {
 		const isChina = zaiApiLineConfigs[options.zaiApiLine ?? "international_coding"].isChina
@@ -28,4 +38,76 @@ export class ZAiHandler extends BaseOpenAiCompatibleProvider<string> {
 			defaultTemperature: ZAI_DEFAULT_TEMPERATURE,
 		})
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Override createStream to handle GLM-4.7's thinking mode.
+	 * GLM-4.7 has thinking enabled by default in the API, so we need to
+	 * explicitly send { type: "disabled" } when the user turns off reasoning.
+	 */
+	protected override createStream(
+		systemPrompt: string,
+		messages: Anthropic.Messages.MessageParam[],
+		metadata?: ApiHandlerCreateMessageMetadata,
+		requestOptions?: OpenAI.RequestOptions,
+	) {
+		const { id: modelId, info } = this.getModel()
+
+		// Check if this is a GLM-4.7 model with thinking support
+		const isThinkingModel = modelId === "glm-4.7" && Array.isArray(info.supportsReasoningEffort)
+
+		if (isThinkingModel) {
+			// For GLM-4.7, thinking is ON by default in the API.
+			// We need to explicitly disable it when reasoning is off.
+			const useReasoning = shouldUseReasoningEffort({ model: info, settings: this.options })
+
+			// Create the stream with our custom thinking parameter
+			return this.createStreamWithThinking(systemPrompt, messages, metadata, useReasoning)
+		}
+
+		// For non-thinking models, use the default behavior
+		return super.createStream(systemPrompt, messages, metadata, requestOptions)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a stream with explicit thinking control for GLM-4.7
+	 */
+	private createStreamWithThinking(
+		systemPrompt: string,
+		messages: Anthropic.Messages.MessageParam[],
+		metadata?: ApiHandlerCreateMessageMetadata,
+		useReasoning?: boolean,
+	) {
+		const { id: model, info } = this.getModel()
+
+		const max_tokens =
+			getModelMaxOutputTokens({
+				modelId: model,
+				model: info,
+				settings: this.options,
+				format: "openai",
+			}) ?? undefined
+
+		const temperature = this.options.modelTemperature ?? this.defaultTemperature
+
+		// Use Z.ai format to preserve reasoning_content and convert post-tool text to system messages
+		const convertedMessages = convertToZAiFormat(messages, { convertToolResultTextToSystem: true })
+
+		const params: ZAiChatCompletionParams = {
+			model,
+			max_tokens,
+			temperature,
+			messages: [{ role: "system", content: systemPrompt }, ...convertedMessages],
+			stream: true,
+			stream_options: { include_usage: true },
+			// For GLM-4.7: thinking is ON by default, so we explicitly disable when needed
+			thinking: useReasoning ? { type: "enabled" } : { type: "disabled" },
+			...(metadata?.tools && { tools: this.convertToolsForOpenAI(metadata.tools) }),
+			...(metadata?.tool_choice && { tool_choice: metadata.tool_choice }),
+			...(metadata?.toolProtocol === "native" && {
+				parallel_tool_calls: metadata.parallelToolCalls ?? false,
+			}),
+		}
+
+		return this.client.chat.completions.create(params)
+	}
 }

src/api/transform/zai-format.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import { Anthropic } from "@anthropic-ai/sdk"
+import OpenAI from "openai"
+
+type ContentPartText = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPartText
+type ContentPartImage = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionContentPartImage
+type UserMessage = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionUserMessageParam
+type AssistantMessage = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionAssistantMessageParam
+type SystemMessage = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionSystemMessageParam
+type ToolMessage = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionToolMessageParam
+type Message = OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageParam
+type AnthropicMessage = Anthropic.Messages.MessageParam
+
+/**
+ * Extended assistant message type to support Z.ai's interleaved thinking.
+ * Z.ai's API returns reasoning_content alongside content and tool_calls,
+ * and requires it to be passed back in subsequent requests for preserved thinking.
+ */
+export type ZAiAssistantMessage = AssistantMessage & {
+	reasoning_content?: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts Anthropic messages to OpenAI format optimized for Z.ai's GLM-4.7 thinking mode.
+ *
+ * Key differences from standard OpenAI format:
+ * - Preserves reasoning_content on assistant messages for interleaved thinking
+ * - Text content after tool_results (like environment_details) is converted to system messages
+ *   instead of user messages, preventing reasoning_content from being dropped
+ *
+ * @param messages Array of Anthropic messages
+ * @param options Optional configuration for message conversion
+ * @param options.convertToolResultTextToSystem If true, convert text content after tool_results
+ *                                              to system messages instead of user messages.
+ *                                              This preserves reasoning_content continuity.
+ * @returns Array of OpenAI messages optimized for Z.ai's thinking mode
+ */
+export function convertToZAiFormat(
+	messages: AnthropicMessage[],
+	options?: { convertToolResultTextToSystem?: boolean },
+): Message[] {
+	const result: Message[] = []
+
+	for (const message of messages) {
+		// Check if the message has reasoning_content (for Z.ai interleaved thinking)
+		const messageWithReasoning = message as AnthropicMessage & { reasoning_content?: string }
+		const reasoningContent = messageWithReasoning.reasoning_content
+
+		if (message.role === "user") {
+			// Handle user messages - may contain tool_result blocks
+			if (Array.isArray(message.content)) {
+				const textParts: string[] = []
+				const imageParts: ContentPartImage[] = []
+				const toolResults: { tool_use_id: string; content: string }[] = []
+
+				for (const part of message.content) {
+					if (part.type === "text") {
+						textParts.push(part.text)
+					} else if (part.type === "image") {
+						imageParts.push({
+							type: "image_url",
+							image_url: { url: `data:${part.source.media_type};base64,${part.source.data}` },
+						})
+					} else if (part.type === "tool_result") {
+						// Convert tool_result to OpenAI tool message format
+						let content: string
+						if (typeof part.content === "string") {
+							content = part.content
+						} else if (Array.isArray(part.content)) {
+							content =
+								part.content
+									?.map((c) => {
+										if (c.type === "text") return c.text
+										if (c.type === "image") return "(image)"
+										return ""
+									})
+									.join("\n") ?? ""
+						} else {
+							content = ""
+						}
+						toolResults.push({
+							tool_use_id: part.tool_use_id,
+							content,
+						})
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Add tool messages first (they must follow assistant tool_use)
+				for (const toolResult of toolResults) {
+					const toolMessage: ToolMessage = {
+						role: "tool",
+						tool_call_id: toolResult.tool_use_id,
+						content: toolResult.content,
+					}
+					result.push(toolMessage)
+				}
+
+				// Handle text/image content after tool results
+				if (textParts.length > 0 || imageParts.length > 0) {
+					// For Z.ai interleaved thinking: when convertToolResultTextToSystem is enabled and we have
+					// tool results followed by text (like environment_details), convert to system message
+					// instead of user message to avoid dropping reasoning_content.
+					const shouldConvertToSystem =
+						options?.convertToolResultTextToSystem && toolResults.length > 0 && imageParts.length === 0
+
+					if (shouldConvertToSystem) {
+						// Convert text content to system message
+						const systemMessage: SystemMessage = {
+							role: "system",
+							content: textParts.join("\n"),
+						}
+						result.push(systemMessage)
+					} else {
+						// Standard behavior: add user message with text/image content
+						let content: UserMessage["content"]
+						if (imageParts.length > 0) {
+							const parts: (ContentPartText | ContentPartImage)[] = []
+							if (textParts.length > 0) {
+								parts.push({ type: "text", text: textParts.join("\n") })
+							}
+							parts.push(...imageParts)
+							content = parts
+						} else {
+							content = textParts.join("\n")
+						}
+
+						// Check if we can merge with the last message
+						const lastMessage = result[result.length - 1]
+						if (lastMessage?.role === "user") {
+							// Merge with existing user message
+							if (typeof lastMessage.content === "string" && typeof content === "string") {
+								lastMessage.content += `\n${content}`
+							} else {
+								const lastContent = Array.isArray(lastMessage.content)
+									? lastMessage.content
+									: [{ type: "text" as const, text: lastMessage.content || "" }]
+								const newContent = Array.isArray(content)
+									? content
+									: [{ type: "text" as const, text: content }]
+								lastMessage.content = [...lastContent, ...newContent] as UserMessage["content"]
+							}
+						} else {
+							result.push({ role: "user", content })
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Simple string content
+				const lastMessage = result[result.length - 1]
+				if (lastMessage?.role === "user") {
+					if (typeof lastMessage.content === "string") {
+						lastMessage.content += `\n${message.content}`
+					} else {
+						;(lastMessage.content as (ContentPartText | ContentPartImage)[]).push({
+							type: "text",
+							text: message.content,
+						})
+					}
+				} else {
+					result.push({ role: "user", content: message.content })
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (message.role === "assistant") {
+			// Handle assistant messages - may contain tool_use blocks and reasoning blocks
+			if (Array.isArray(message.content)) {
+				const textParts: string[] = []
+				const toolCalls: OpenAI.Chat.ChatCompletionMessageToolCall[] = []
+				let extractedReasoning: string | undefined
+
+				for (const part of message.content) {
+					if (part.type === "text") {
+						textParts.push(part.text)
+					} else if (part.type === "tool_use") {
+						toolCalls.push({
+							id: part.id,
+							type: "function",
+							function: {
+								name: part.name,
+								arguments: JSON.stringify(part.input),
+							},
+						})
+					} else if ((part as any).type === "reasoning" && (part as any).text) {
+						// Extract reasoning from content blocks (Task stores it this way)
+						extractedReasoning = (part as any).text
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Use reasoning from content blocks if not provided at top level
+				const finalReasoning = reasoningContent || extractedReasoning
+
+				const assistantMessage: ZAiAssistantMessage = {
+					role: "assistant",
+					content: textParts.length > 0 ? textParts.join("\n") : null,
+					...(toolCalls.length > 0 && { tool_calls: toolCalls }),
+					// Preserve reasoning_content for Z.ai interleaved thinking
+					...(finalReasoning && { reasoning_content: finalReasoning }),
+				}
+
+				// Check if we can merge with the last message (only if no tool calls)
+				const lastMessage = result[result.length - 1]
+				if (lastMessage?.role === "assistant" && !toolCalls.length && !(lastMessage as any).tool_calls) {
+					// Merge text content
+					if (typeof lastMessage.content === "string" && typeof assistantMessage.content === "string") {
+						lastMessage.content += `\n${assistantMessage.content}`
+					} else if (assistantMessage.content) {
+						const lastContent = lastMessage.content || ""
+						lastMessage.content = `${lastContent}\n${assistantMessage.content}`
+					}
+					// Preserve reasoning_content from the new message if present
+					if (finalReasoning) {
+						;(lastMessage as ZAiAssistantMessage).reasoning_content = finalReasoning
+					}
+				} else {
+					result.push(assistantMessage)
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Simple string content
+				const lastMessage = result[result.length - 1]
+				if (lastMessage?.role === "assistant" && !(lastMessage as any).tool_calls) {
+					if (typeof lastMessage.content === "string") {
+						lastMessage.content += `\n${message.content}`
+					} else {
+						lastMessage.content = message.content
+					}
+					// Preserve reasoning_content from the new message if present
+					if (reasoningContent) {
+						;(lastMessage as ZAiAssistantMessage).reasoning_content = reasoningContent
+					}
+				} else {
+					const assistantMessage: ZAiAssistantMessage = {
+						role: "assistant",
+						content: message.content,
+						...(reasoningContent && { reasoning_content: reasoningContent }),
+					}
+					result.push(assistantMessage)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}