🚀 perf: optimize model management APIs, unify pricing types as array, and remove redundancies

Backend
- Add GetBoundChannelsByModelsMap to batch-fetch bound channels via a single JOIN (Distinct), compatible with SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL
- Replace per-record enrichment with a single-pass enrichModels to avoid N+1 queries; compute unions for prefix/suffix/contains matches in memory
- Change Model.QuotaType to QuotaTypes []int and expose quota_types in responses
- Add GetModelQuotaTypes for cached O(1) lookups; exact models return a single-element array
- Sort quota_types for stable output order
- Remove unused code: GetModelByName, GetBoundChannels, GetBoundChannelsForModels, FindModelByNameWithRule, buildPrefixes, buildSuffixes
- Clean up redundant comments, keeping concise and readable code

Frontend
- Models table: switch to quota_types, render multiple billing modes ([0], [1], [0,1], future values supported)
- Pricing table: switch to quota_types; ratio display now checks quota_types.includes(0); array rendering for billing tags

Compatibility
- SQL uses standard JOIN/IN/Distinct; works across SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL
- Lint passes; no DB schema changes (quota_types is a JSON response field only)

Breaking Change
- API field renamed: quota_type -> quota_types (array). Update clients accordingly.

controller/model_meta.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package controller
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -21,10 +22,8 @@ func GetAllModelsMeta(c *gin.Context) {
 		common.ApiError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
-	// 填充附加字段
-	for _, m := range modelsMeta {
-		fillModelExtra(m)
-	}
+	// 批量填充附加字段，提升列表接口性能
+	enrichModels(modelsMeta)
 	var total int64
 	model.DB.Model(&model.Model{}).Count(&total)
 
@@ -54,9 +53,8 @@ func SearchModelsMeta(c *gin.Context) {
 		common.ApiError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
-	for _, m := range modelsMeta {
-		fillModelExtra(m)
-	}
+	// 批量填充附加字段，提升列表接口性能
+	enrichModels(modelsMeta)
 	pageInfo.SetTotal(int(total))
 	pageInfo.SetItems(modelsMeta)
 	common.ApiSuccess(c, pageInfo)
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ func GetModelMeta(c *gin.Context) {
 		common.ApiError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
-	fillModelExtra(&m)
+	enrichModels([]*model.Model{&m})
 	common.ApiSuccess(c, &m)
 }
 
@@ -162,104 +160,157 @@ func DeleteModelMeta(c *gin.Context) {
 	common.ApiSuccess(c, nil)
 }
 
-// 辅助函数：填充 Endpoints 和 BoundChannels 和 EnableGroups
-func fillModelExtra(m *model.Model) {
-	// 若为精确匹配，保持原有逻辑
-	if m.NameRule == model.NameRuleExact {
-		if m.Endpoints == "" {
-			eps := model.GetModelSupportEndpointTypes(m.ModelName)
-			if b, err := json.Marshal(eps); err == nil {
-				m.Endpoints = string(b)
-			}
+// enrichModels 批量填充附加信息：端点、渠道、分组、计费类型，避免 N+1 查询
+func enrichModels(models []*model.Model) {
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 1) 拆分精确与规则匹配
+	exactNames := make([]string, 0)
+	exactIdx := make(map[string][]int) // modelName -> indices in models
+	ruleIndices := make([]int, 0)
+	for i, m := range models {
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
 		}
-		if channels, err := model.GetBoundChannels(m.ModelName); err == nil {
-			m.BoundChannels = channels
+		if m.NameRule == model.NameRuleExact {
+			exactNames = append(exactNames, m.ModelName)
+			exactIdx[m.ModelName] = append(exactIdx[m.ModelName], i)
+		} else {
+			ruleIndices = append(ruleIndices, i)
 		}
-		m.EnableGroups = model.GetModelEnableGroups(m.ModelName)
-		m.QuotaType = model.GetModelQuotaType(m.ModelName)
-		return
 	}
 
-	// 非精确匹配：计算并集
-	pricings := model.GetPricing()
+	// 2) 批量查询精确模型的绑定渠道
+	channelsByModel, _ := model.GetBoundChannelsByModelsMap(exactNames)
+
+	// 3) 精确模型：端点从缓存、渠道批量映射、分组/计费类型从缓存
+	for name, indices := range exactIdx {
+		chs := channelsByModel[name]
+		for _, idx := range indices {
+			mm := models[idx]
+			if mm.Endpoints == "" {
+				eps := model.GetModelSupportEndpointTypes(mm.ModelName)
+				if b, err := json.Marshal(eps); err == nil {
+					mm.Endpoints = string(b)
+				}
+			}
+			mm.BoundChannels = chs
+			mm.EnableGroups = model.GetModelEnableGroups(mm.ModelName)
+			mm.QuotaTypes = model.GetModelQuotaTypes(mm.ModelName)
+		}
+	}
 
-	// 匹配到的模型名称集合
-	matchedNames := make([]string, 0)
+	if len(ruleIndices) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
 
-	// 端点去重集合
-	endpointSet := make(map[constant.EndpointType]struct{})
+	// 4) 一次性读取定价缓存，内存匹配所有规则模型
+	pricings := model.GetPricing()
 
-	// 已绑定渠道去重集合
-	channelSet := make(map[string]model.BoundChannel)
-	// 分组去重集合
-	groupSet := make(map[string]struct{})
-	// 计费类型（若有任意模型为 1，则返回 1）
-	quotaTypeSet := make(map[int]struct{})
+	// 为全部规则模型收集匹配名集合、端点并集、分组并集、配额集合
+	matchedNamesByIdx := make(map[int][]string)
+	endpointSetByIdx := make(map[int]map[constant.EndpointType]struct{})
+	groupSetByIdx := make(map[int]map[string]struct{})
+	quotaSetByIdx := make(map[int]map[int]struct{})
 
 	for _, p := range pricings {
-		var matched bool
-		switch m.NameRule {
-		case model.NameRulePrefix:
-			matched = strings.HasPrefix(p.ModelName, m.ModelName)
-		case model.NameRuleSuffix:
-			matched = strings.HasSuffix(p.ModelName, m.ModelName)
-		case model.NameRuleContains:
-			matched = strings.Contains(p.ModelName, m.ModelName)
-		}
-		if !matched {
-			continue
-		}
+		for _, idx := range ruleIndices {
+			mm := models[idx]
+			var matched bool
+			switch mm.NameRule {
+			case model.NameRulePrefix:
+				matched = strings.HasPrefix(p.ModelName, mm.ModelName)
+			case model.NameRuleSuffix:
+				matched = strings.HasSuffix(p.ModelName, mm.ModelName)
+			case model.NameRuleContains:
+				matched = strings.Contains(p.ModelName, mm.ModelName)
+			}
+			if !matched {
+				continue
+			}
+			matchedNamesByIdx[idx] = append(matchedNamesByIdx[idx], p.ModelName)
 
-		// 记录匹配到的模型名称
-		matchedNames = append(matchedNames, p.ModelName)
+			es := endpointSetByIdx[idx]
+			if es == nil {
+				es = make(map[constant.EndpointType]struct{})
+				endpointSetByIdx[idx] = es
+			}
+			for _, et := range p.SupportedEndpointTypes {
+				es[et] = struct{}{}
+			}
 
-		// 收集端点
-		for _, et := range p.SupportedEndpointTypes {
-			endpointSet[et] = struct{}{}
-		}
+			gs := groupSetByIdx[idx]
+			if gs == nil {
+				gs = make(map[string]struct{})
+				groupSetByIdx[idx] = gs
+			}
+			for _, g := range p.EnableGroup {
+				gs[g] = struct{}{}
+			}
 
-		// 收集分组
-		for _, g := range p.EnableGroup {
-			groupSet[g] = struct{}{}
+			qs := quotaSetByIdx[idx]
+			if qs == nil {
+				qs = make(map[int]struct{})
+				quotaSetByIdx[idx] = qs
+			}
+			qs[p.QuotaType] = struct{}{}
 		}
-
-		// 收集计费类型
-		quotaTypeSet[p.QuotaType] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	// 序列化端点
-	if len(endpointSet) > 0 && m.Endpoints == "" {
-		eps := make([]constant.EndpointType, 0, len(endpointSet))
-		for et := range endpointSet {
-			eps = append(eps, et)
-		}
-		if b, err := json.Marshal(eps); err == nil {
-			m.Endpoints = string(b)
+	// 5) 汇总所有匹配到的模型名称，批量查询一次渠道
+	allMatchedSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, names := range matchedNamesByIdx {
+		for _, n := range names {
+			allMatchedSet[n] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
+	allMatched := make([]string, 0, len(allMatchedSet))
+	for n := range allMatchedSet {
+		allMatched = append(allMatched, n)
+	}
+	matchedChannelsByModel, _ := model.GetBoundChannelsByModelsMap(allMatched)
+
+	// 6) 回填每个规则模型的并集信息
+	for _, idx := range ruleIndices {
+		mm := models[idx]
 
-	// 序列化分组
-	if len(groupSet) > 0 {
-		groups := make([]string, 0, len(groupSet))
-		for g := range groupSet {
-			groups = append(groups, g)
+		// 端点并集 -> 序列化
+		if es, ok := endpointSetByIdx[idx]; ok && mm.Endpoints == "" {
+			eps := make([]constant.EndpointType, 0, len(es))
+			for et := range es {
+				eps = append(eps, et)
+			}
+			if b, err := json.Marshal(eps); err == nil {
+				mm.Endpoints = string(b)
+			}
 		}
-		m.EnableGroups = groups
-	}
 
-	// 确定计费类型：仅当所有匹配模型计费类型一致时才返回该类型，否则返回 -1 表示未知/不确定
-	if len(quotaTypeSet) == 1 {
-		for k := range quotaTypeSet {
-			m.QuotaType = k
+		// 分组并集
+		if gs, ok := groupSetByIdx[idx]; ok {
+			groups := make([]string, 0, len(gs))
+			for g := range gs {
+				groups = append(groups, g)
+			}
+			mm.EnableGroups = groups
 		}
-	} else {
-		m.QuotaType = -1
-	}
 
-	// 批量查询并序列化渠道
-	if len(matchedNames) > 0 {
-		if channels, err := model.GetBoundChannelsForModels(matchedNames); err == nil {
-			for _, ch := range channels {
+		// 配额类型集合（保持去重并排序）
+		if qs, ok := quotaSetByIdx[idx]; ok {
+			arr := make([]int, 0, len(qs))
+			for k := range qs {
+				arr = append(arr, k)
+			}
+			sort.Ints(arr)
+			mm.QuotaTypes = arr
+		}
+
+		// 渠道并集
+		names := matchedNamesByIdx[idx]
+		channelSet := make(map[string]model.BoundChannel)
+		for _, n := range names {
+			for _, ch := range matchedChannelsByModel[n] {
 				key := ch.Name + "_" + strconv.Itoa(ch.Type)
 				channelSet[key] = ch
 			}
@@ -269,11 +320,11 @@ func fillModelExtra(m *model.Model) {
 			for _, ch := range channelSet {
 				chs = append(chs, ch)
 			}
-			m.BoundChannels = chs
+			mm.BoundChannels = chs
 		}
-	}
 
-	// 设置匹配信息
-	m.MatchedModels = matchedNames
-	m.MatchedCount = len(matchedNames)
+		// 匹配信息
+		mm.MatchedModels = names
+		mm.MatchedCount = len(names)
+	}
 }

model/model_extra.go

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package model
 
-// GetModelEnableGroups 返回指定模型名称可用的用户分组列表。
-// 使用在 updatePricing() 中维护的缓存映射，O(1) 读取，适合高并发场景。
 func GetModelEnableGroups(modelName string) []string {
 	// 确保缓存最新
 	GetPricing()
@@ -19,16 +17,15 @@ func GetModelEnableGroups(modelName string) []string {
 	return groups
 }
 
-// GetModelQuotaType 返回指定模型的计费类型（quota_type）。
-// 同样使用缓存映射，避免每次遍历定价切片。
-func GetModelQuotaType(modelName string) int {
+// GetModelQuotaTypes 返回指定模型的计费类型集合（来自缓存）
+func GetModelQuotaTypes(modelName string) []int {
 	GetPricing()
 
 	modelEnableGroupsLock.RLock()
 	quota, ok := modelQuotaTypeMap[modelName]
 	modelEnableGroupsLock.RUnlock()
 	if !ok {
-		return 0
+		return []int{}
 	}
-	return quota
+	return []int{quota}
 }

model/model_meta.go

@@ -3,30 +3,15 @@ package model
 import (
 	"one-api/common"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
-// Model 用于存储模型的元数据，例如描述、标签等
-// ModelName 字段具有唯一性约束，确保每个模型只会出现一次
-// Tags 字段使用逗号分隔的字符串保存标签集合，后期可根据需要扩展为 JSON 类型
-// Status: 1 表示启用，0 表示禁用，保留以便后续功能扩展
-// CreatedTime 和 UpdatedTime 使用 Unix 时间戳（秒）保存方便跨数据库移植
-// DeletedAt 采用 GORM 的软删除特性，便于后续数据恢复
-//
-// 该表设计遵循第三范式（3NF）：
-// 1. 每一列都与主键（Id 或 ModelName）直接相关
-// 2. 不存在部分依赖（ModelName 是唯一键）
-// 3. 不存在传递依赖（描述、标签等都依赖于 ModelName，而非依赖于其他非主键列）
-// 这样既保证了数据一致性，也方便后期扩展
-
-// 模型名称匹配规则
 const (
-	NameRuleExact    = iota // 0 精确匹配
-	NameRulePrefix          // 1 前缀匹配
-	NameRuleContains        // 2 包含匹配
-	NameRuleSuffix          // 3 后缀匹配
+	NameRuleExact = iota
+	NameRulePrefix
+	NameRuleContains
+	NameRuleSuffix
 )
 
 type BoundChannel struct {
@@ -49,14 +34,13 @@ type Model struct {
 
 	BoundChannels []BoundChannel `json:"bound_channels,omitempty" gorm:"-"`
 	EnableGroups  []string       `json:"enable_groups,omitempty" gorm:"-"`
-	QuotaType     int            `json:"quota_type" gorm:"-"`
+	QuotaTypes    []int          `json:"quota_types,omitempty" gorm:"-"`
 	NameRule      int            `json:"name_rule" gorm:"default:0"`
 
 	MatchedModels []string `json:"matched_models,omitempty" gorm:"-"`
 	MatchedCount  int      `json:"matched_count,omitempty" gorm:"-"`
 }
 
-// Insert 创建新的模型元数据记录
 func (mi *Model) Insert() error {
 	now := common.GetTimestamp()
 	mi.CreatedTime = now
@@ -64,7 +48,6 @@ func (mi *Model) Insert() error {
 	return DB.Create(mi).Error
 }
 
-// IsModelNameDuplicated 检查模型名称是否重复（排除自身 ID）
 func IsModelNameDuplicated(id int, name string) (bool, error) {
 	if name == "" {
 		return false, nil
@@ -74,10 +57,8 @@ func IsModelNameDuplicated(id int, name string) (bool, error) {
 	return cnt > 0, err
 }
 
-// Update 更新现有模型记录
 func (mi *Model) Update() error {
 	mi.UpdatedTime = common.GetTimestamp()
-	// 使用 Session 配置并选择所有字段，允许零值（如空字符串）也能被更新
 	return DB.Session(&gorm.Session{AllowGlobalUpdate: false, FullSaveAssociations: false}).
 		Model(&Model{}).
 		Where("id = ?", mi.Id).
@@ -86,22 +67,10 @@ func (mi *Model) Update() error {
 		Updates(mi).Error
 }
 
-// Delete 软删除模型记录
 func (mi *Model) Delete() error {
 	return DB.Delete(mi).Error
 }
 
-// GetModelByName 根据模型名称查询元数据
-func GetModelByName(name string) (*Model, error) {
-	var mi Model
-	err := DB.Where("model_name = ?", name).First(&mi).Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &mi, nil
-}
-
-// GetVendorModelCounts 统计每个供应商下模型数量（不受分页影响）
 func GetVendorModelCounts() (map[int64]int64, error) {
 	var stats []struct {
 		VendorID int64
@@ -120,87 +89,38 @@ func GetVendorModelCounts() (map[int64]int64, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-// GetAllModels 分页获取所有模型元数据
 func GetAllModels(offset int, limit int) ([]*Model, error) {
 	var models []*Model
-	err := DB.Offset(offset).Limit(limit).Find(&models).Error
+	err := DB.Order("id DESC").Offset(offset).Limit(limit).Find(&models).Error
 	return models, err
 }
 
-// GetBoundChannels 查询支持该模型的渠道（名称+类型）
-func GetBoundChannels(modelName string) ([]BoundChannel, error) {
-	var channels []BoundChannel
-	err := DB.Table("channels").
-		Select("channels.name, channels.type").
-		Joins("join abilities on abilities.channel_id = channels.id").
-		Where("abilities.model = ? AND abilities.enabled = ?", modelName, true).
-		Group("channels.id").
-		Scan(&channels).Error
-	return channels, err
-}
-
-// GetBoundChannelsForModels 批量查询多模型的绑定渠道并去重返回
-func GetBoundChannelsForModels(modelNames []string) ([]BoundChannel, error) {
+func GetBoundChannelsByModelsMap(modelNames []string) (map[string][]BoundChannel, error) {
+	result := make(map[string][]BoundChannel)
 	if len(modelNames) == 0 {
-		return make([]BoundChannel, 0), nil
+		return result, nil
 	}
-	var channels []BoundChannel
+	type row struct {
+		Model string
+		Name  string
+		Type  int
+	}
+	var rows []row
 	err := DB.Table("channels").
-		Select("channels.name, channels.type").
-		Joins("join abilities on abilities.channel_id = channels.id").
+		Select("abilities.model as model, channels.name as name, channels.type as type").
+		Joins("JOIN abilities ON abilities.channel_id = channels.id").
 		Where("abilities.model IN ? AND abilities.enabled = ?", modelNames, true).
-		Group("channels.id").
-		Scan(&channels).Error
-	return channels, err
-}
-
-// FindModelByNameWithRule 根据模型名称和匹配规则查找模型元数据，优先级：精确 > 前缀 > 后缀 > 包含
-func FindModelByNameWithRule(name string) (*Model, error) {
-	// 1. 精确匹配
-	if m, err := GetModelByName(name); err == nil {
-		return m, nil
-	}
-	// 2. 规则匹配
-	var models []*Model
-	if err := DB.Where("name_rule <> ?", NameRuleExact).Find(&models).Error; err != nil {
+		Distinct().
+		Scan(&rows).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var prefixMatch, suffixMatch, containsMatch *Model
-	for _, m := range models {
-		switch m.NameRule {
-		case NameRulePrefix:
-			if strings.HasPrefix(name, m.ModelName) {
-				if prefixMatch == nil || len(m.ModelName) > len(prefixMatch.ModelName) {
-					prefixMatch = m
-				}
-			}
-		case NameRuleSuffix:
-			if strings.HasSuffix(name, m.ModelName) {
-				if suffixMatch == nil || len(m.ModelName) > len(suffixMatch.ModelName) {
-					suffixMatch = m
-				}
-			}
-		case NameRuleContains:
-			if strings.Contains(name, m.ModelName) {
-				if containsMatch == nil || len(m.ModelName) > len(containsMatch.ModelName) {
-					containsMatch = m
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if prefixMatch != nil {
-		return prefixMatch, nil
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		result[r.Model] = append(result[r.Model], BoundChannel{Name: r.Name, Type: r.Type})
 	}
-	if suffixMatch != nil {
-		return suffixMatch, nil
-	}
-	if containsMatch != nil {
-		return containsMatch, nil
-	}
-	return nil, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound
+	return result, nil
 }
 
-// SearchModels 根据关键词和供应商搜索模型，支持分页
 func SearchModels(keyword string, vendor string, offset int, limit int) ([]*Model, int64, error) {
 	var models []*Model
 	db := DB.Model(&Model{})
@@ -209,7 +129,6 @@ func SearchModels(keyword string, vendor string, offset int, limit int) ([]*Mode
 		db = db.Where("model_name LIKE ? OR description LIKE ? OR tags LIKE ?", like, like, like)
 	}
 	if vendor != "" {
-		// 如果是数字，按供应商 ID 精确匹配；否则按名称模糊匹配
 		if vid, err := strconv.Atoi(vendor); err == nil {
 			db = db.Where("models.vendor_id = ?", vid)
 		} else {
@@ -217,10 +136,11 @@ func SearchModels(keyword string, vendor string, offset int, limit int) ([]*Mode
 		}
 	}
 	var total int64
-	err := db.Count(&total).Error
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := db.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	if err := db.Order("models.id DESC").Offset(offset).Limit(limit).Find(&models).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	err = db.Offset(offset).Limit(limit).Order("models.id DESC").Find(&models).Error
-	return models, total, err
+	return models, total, nil
 }

web/src/components/table/model-pricing/view/table/PricingTableColumns.js

@@ -23,23 +23,31 @@ import { IconHelpCircle } from '@douyinfe/semi-icons';
 import { renderModelTag, stringToColor, calculateModelPrice, getLobeHubIcon } from '../../../../../helpers';
 import { renderLimitedItems, renderDescription } from '../../../../common/ui/RenderUtils';
 
-function renderQuotaType(type, t) {
-  switch (type) {
-    case 1:
-      return (
-        <Tag color='teal' shape='circle'>
-          {t('按次计费')}
-        </Tag>
-      );
-    case 0:
-      return (
-        <Tag color='violet' shape='circle'>
-          {t('按量计费')}
-        </Tag>
-      );
-    default:
-      return t('未知');
-  }
+function renderQuotaTypes(types, t) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(types) || types.length === 0) return '-';
+  const renderOne = (type, idx) => {
+    switch (type) {
+      case 1:
+        return (
+          <Tag key={`qt-${type}-${idx}`} color='teal' shape='circle'>
+            {t('按次计费')}
+          </Tag>
+        );
+      case 0:
+        return (
+          <Tag key={`qt-${type}-${idx}`} color='violet' shape='circle'>
+            {t('按量计费')}
+          </Tag>
+        );
+      default:
+        return (
+          <Tag key={`qt-${type}-${idx}`} color='white' shape='circle'>
+            {type}
+          </Tag>
+        );
+    }
+  };
+  return <Space wrap>{types.map((t0, idx) => renderOne(t0, idx))}</Space>;
 }
 
 // Render vendor name
@@ -122,11 +130,8 @@ export const getPricingTableColumns = ({
 
   const quotaColumn = {
     title: t('计费类型'),
-    dataIndex: 'quota_type',
-    render: (text, record, index) => {
-      return renderQuotaType(parseInt(text), t);
-    },
-    sorter: (a, b) => a.quota_type - b.quota_type,
+    dataIndex: 'quota_types',
+    render: (text, record, index) => renderQuotaTypes(text, t),
   };
 
   const descriptionColumn = {
@@ -170,11 +175,11 @@ export const getPricingTableColumns = ({
       const content = (
         <div className="space-y-1">
           <div className="text-gray-700">
-            {t('模型倍率')}：{record.quota_type === 0 ? text : t('无')}
+            {t('模型倍率')}：{Array.isArray(record.quota_types) && record.quota_types.includes(0) ? text : t('无')}
           </div>
           <div className="text-gray-700">
             {t('补全倍率')}：
-            {record.quota_type === 0 ? completionRatio : t('无')}
+            {Array.isArray(record.quota_types) && record.quota_types.includes(0) ? completionRatio : t('无')}
           </div>
           <div className="text-gray-700">
             {t('分组倍率')}：{groupRatio[selectedGroup]}

web/src/components/table/models/ModelsColumnDefs.js

@@ -121,24 +121,36 @@ const renderEndpoints = (value) => {
   }
 };
 
-// Render quota type
-const renderQuotaType = (qt, t) => {
-  if (qt === 1) {
-    return (
-      <Tag color='teal' size='small' shape='circle'>
-        {t('按次计费')}
-      </Tag>
-    );
-  }
-  if (qt === 0) {
+// Render quota types (array)
+const renderQuotaTypes = (arr, t) => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(arr) || arr.length === 0) return '-';
+  const renderOne = (qt, idx) => {
+    if (qt === 1) {
+      return (
+        <Tag key={`${qt}-${idx}`} color='teal' size='small' shape='circle'>
+          {t('按次计费')}
+        </Tag>
+      );
+    }
+    if (qt === 0) {
+      return (
+        <Tag key={`${qt}-${idx}`} color='violet' size='small' shape='circle'>
+          {t('按量计费')}
+        </Tag>
+      );
+    }
+    // 未来新增模式的兜底展示
     return (
-      <Tag color='violet' size='small' shape='circle'>
-        {t('按量计费')}
+      <Tag key={`${qt}-${idx}`} color='white' size='small' shape='circle'>
+        {qt}
       </Tag>
     );
-  }
-  // 未知
-  return '-';
+  };
+  return (
+    <Space wrap>
+      {arr.map((qt, idx) => renderOne(qt, idx))}
+    </Space>
+  );
 };
 
 // Render bound channels
@@ -303,8 +315,8 @@ export const getModelsColumns = ({
     },
     {
       title: t('计费类型'),
-      dataIndex: 'quota_type',
-      render: (qt) => renderQuotaType(qt, t),
+      dataIndex: 'quota_types',
+      render: (qts) => renderQuotaTypes(qts, t),
     },
     {
       title: t('创建时间'),