Avalonia/src/Avalonia.Controls/Application.cs

// Copyright (c) The Avalonia Project. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT license. See licence.md file in the project root for full license information.

using System;
using System.Reactive.Concurrency;
using System.Threading;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Controls.Templates;
using Avalonia.Input;
using Avalonia.Input.Platform;
using Avalonia.Input.Raw;
using Avalonia.Platform;
using Avalonia.Styling;
using Avalonia.Threading;

namespace Avalonia
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Encapsulates a Avalonia application.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The <see cref="Application"/> class encapsulates Avalonia application-specific
    /// functionality, including:
    /// - A global set of <see cref="DataTemplates"/>.
    /// - A global set of <see cref="Styles"/>.
    /// - A <see cref="FocusManager"/>.
    /// - An <see cref="InputManager"/>.
    /// - Registers services needed by the rest of Avalonia in the <see cref="RegisterServices"/>
    /// method.
    /// - Tracks the lifetime of the application.
    /// </remarks>
    public class Application : IApplicationLifecycle, IGlobalDataTemplates, IGlobalStyles, IStyleRoot, IResourceNode
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The application-global data templates.
        /// </summary>
        private DataTemplates _dataTemplates;

        private readonly Lazy<IClipboard> _clipboard =
            new Lazy<IClipboard>(() => (IClipboard)AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService(typeof(IClipboard)));
        private readonly Styler _styler = new Styler();
        private Styles _styles;
        private IResourceDictionary _resources;

        private CancellationTokenSource _mainLoopCancellationTokenSource;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Application"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        public Application()
        {
            Windows = new WindowCollection(this);

            OnExit += OnExiting;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedEventArgs> ResourcesChanged;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current instance of the <see cref="Application"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The current instance of the <see cref="Application"/> class.
        /// </value>
        public static Application Current
        {
            get { return AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<Application>(); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the application's global data templates.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The application's global data templates.
        /// </value>
        public DataTemplates DataTemplates => _dataTemplates ?? (_dataTemplates = new DataTemplates());

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the application's focus manager.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The application's focus manager.
        /// </value>
        public IFocusManager FocusManager
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the application's input manager.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The application's input manager.
        /// </value>
        public InputManager InputManager
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the application clipboard.
        /// </summary>
        public IClipboard Clipboard => _clipboard.Value;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the application's global resource dictionary.
        /// </summary>
        public IResourceDictionary Resources
        {
            get => _resources ?? (Resources = new ResourceDictionary());
            set
            {
                Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(value != null);

                var hadResources = false;

                if (_resources != null)
                {
                    hadResources = _resources.Count > 0;
                    _resources.ResourcesChanged -= ResourcesChanged;
                }

                _resources = value;
                _resources.ResourcesChanged += ResourcesChanged;

                if (hadResources || _resources.Count > 0)
                {
                    ResourcesChanged?.Invoke(this, new ResourcesChangedEventArgs());
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the application's global styles.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The application's global styles.
        /// </value>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Global styles apply to all windows in the application.
        /// </remarks>
        public Styles Styles => _styles ?? (_styles = new Styles());

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        bool IDataTemplateHost.IsDataTemplatesInitialized => _dataTemplates != null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the styling parent of the application, which is null.
        /// </summary>
        IStyleHost IStyleHost.StylingParent => null;

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        bool IStyleHost.IsStylesInitialized => _styles != null;

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        bool IResourceProvider.HasResources => _resources?.Count > 0;

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        IResourceNode IResourceNode.ResourceParent => null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the <see cref="ExitMode"/>. This property indicates whether the application exits explicitly or implicitly. 
        /// If <see cref="ExitMode"/> is set to OnExplicitExit the application is only closes if Exit is called.
        /// The default is OnLastWindowClose
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The shutdown mode.
        /// </value>
        public ExitMode ExitMode { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the main window of the application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The main window.
        /// </value>
        public Window MainWindow { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the open windows of the application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The windows.
        /// </value>
        public WindowCollection Windows { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is existing.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        ///   <c>true</c> if this instance is existing; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
        /// </value>
        internal bool IsExiting { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes the application by loading XAML etc.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void Initialize()
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Runs the application's main loop until the <see cref="ICloseable"/> is closed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="closable">The closable to track</param>
        public void Run(ICloseable closable)
        {
            if (_mainLoopCancellationTokenSource != null)
            {
                throw new Exception("Run should only called once");
            }

            closable.Closed += (s, e) => Exit();

            _mainLoopCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

            Dispatcher.UIThread.MainLoop(_mainLoopCancellationTokenSource.Token);

            // Make sure we call OnExit in case an error happened and Exit() wasn't called explicitly
            if (!IsExiting)
            {
                OnExit?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Runs the application's main loop until some condition occurs that is specified by ExitMode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mainWindow">The main window</param>
        public void Run(Window mainWindow)
        {
            if (_mainLoopCancellationTokenSource != null)
            {
                throw new Exception("Run should only called once");
            }

            _mainLoopCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

            if (MainWindow == null)
            {
                if (mainWindow == null)
                {
                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mainWindow));
                }

                if (!mainWindow.IsVisible)
                {
                    mainWindow.Show();
                }

                MainWindow = mainWindow;
            }           

            Dispatcher.UIThread.MainLoop(_mainLoopCancellationTokenSource.Token);

            // Make sure we call OnExit in case an error happened and Exit() wasn't called explicitly
            if (!IsExiting)
            {
                OnExit?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Runs the application's main loop until the <see cref="CancellationToken"/> is canceled.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The token to track</param>
        public void Run(CancellationToken token)
        {
            Dispatcher.UIThread.MainLoop(token);

            // Make sure we call OnExit in case an error happened and Exit() wasn't called explicitly
            if (!IsExiting)
            {
                OnExit?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Exits the application
        /// </summary>
        public void Exit()
        {
            IsExiting = true;

            Windows.Clear();

            OnExit?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

            _mainLoopCancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        bool IResourceProvider.TryGetResource(string key, out object value)
        {
            value = null;
            return (_resources?.TryGetResource(key, out value) ?? false) ||
                   Styles.TryGetResource(key, out value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sent when the application is exiting.
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler OnExit;

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when the application is exiting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        protected virtual void OnExiting(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Register's the services needed by Avalonia.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void RegisterServices()
        {
            AvaloniaSynchronizationContext.InstallIfNeeded();
            FocusManager = new FocusManager();
            InputManager = new InputManager();

            AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable
                .Bind<IAccessKeyHandler>().ToTransient<AccessKeyHandler>()
                .Bind<IGlobalDataTemplates>().ToConstant(this)
                .Bind<IGlobalStyles>().ToConstant(this)
                .Bind<IFocusManager>().ToConstant(FocusManager)
                .Bind<IInputManager>().ToConstant(InputManager)
                .Bind<IKeyboardNavigationHandler>().ToTransient<KeyboardNavigationHandler>()
                .Bind<IStyler>().ToConstant(_styler)
                .Bind<IApplicationLifecycle>().ToConstant(this)
                .Bind<IScheduler>().ToConstant(AvaloniaScheduler.Instance)
                .Bind<IDragDropDevice>().ToConstant(DragDropDevice.Instance)
                .Bind<IPlatformDragSource>().ToTransient<InProcessDragSource>();
        }
    }
}