CMakeCCompilerId: Fix C standard detection in Clang and IntelLLVM MSVC mode
Clang does not define `__STDC__` if in MSVC compatibility mode, but does
define `__STDC_VERSION__`. Avoid the fallback for this combination.
This backports commit 7596d8b951 (CMakeCCompilerId: Fix C standard
detection in Clang MSVC mode, 2021-02-07, v3.21.0-rc1~587^2~14) to the
3.20 release series. This is needed since commit 5115dd1e2c (IntelLLVM:
Fix C/C++ standard level flags on Windows, 2021-07-07, v3.21.0-rc3~7^2^2)
now that we activate C/C++ standard level logic for IntelLLVM when
targeting the MSVC ABI.