Refactor: Use cmStrCat to construct error strings

Replace string construction using std::stringstream with cmStrCat and
cmWrap.

Source/cmAddCustomCommandCommand.cxx

@@ -321,10 +321,9 @@ bool cmAddCustomCommandCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     }
 
     // No command for this output exists.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "given APPEND option with output\n\"" << output[0]
-      << "\"\nwhich is not already a custom command output.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("given APPEND option with output\n\"", output[0],
+               "\"\nwhich is not already a custom command output."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -407,10 +406,8 @@ bool cmAddCustomCommandCommandCheckOutputs(
     // Make sure the output file name has no invalid characters.
     std::string::size_type pos = o.find_first_of("#<>");
     if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-      std::ostringstream msg;
-      msg << "called with OUTPUT containing a \"" << o[pos]
-          << "\".  This character is not allowed.";
-      status.SetError(msg.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("called with OUTPUT containing a \"", o[pos],
+                               "\".  This character is not allowed."));
       return false;
     }
   }

Source/cmAddCustomTargetCommand.cxx

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmAddCustomTargetCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cmCustomCommandLines.h"
@@ -29,11 +28,9 @@ bool cmAddCustomTargetCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   // Check the target name.
   if (targetName.find_first_of("/\\") != std::string::npos) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "called with invalid target name \"" << targetName
-      << "\".  Target names may not contain a slash.  "
-      << "Use ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND to generate files.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("called with invalid target name \"", targetName,
+                             "\".  Target names may not contain a slash.  "
+                             "Use ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND to generate files."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -153,10 +150,9 @@ bool cmAddCustomTargetCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   std::string::size_type pos = targetName.find_first_of("#<>");
   if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-    std::ostringstream msg;
-    msg << "called with target name containing a \"" << targetName[pos]
-        << "\".  This character is not allowed.";
-    status.SetError(msg.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("called with target name containing a \"",
+                             targetName[pos],
+                             "\".  This character is not allowed."));
     return false;
   }
 

Source/cmAddDependenciesCommand.cxx

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmAddDependenciesCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
 #include "cmRange.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmTarget.h"
 
 bool cmAddDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
@@ -21,10 +20,10 @@ bool cmAddDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   cmMakefile& mf = status.GetMakefile();
   std::string const& target_name = args[0];
   if (mf.IsAlias(target_name)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "Cannot add target-level dependencies to alias target \""
-      << target_name << "\".\n";
-    mf.IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    mf.IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat("Cannot add target-level dependencies to alias target \"",
+               target_name, "\".\n"));
   }
   if (cmTarget* target = mf.FindTargetToUse(target_name)) {
 
@@ -33,14 +32,17 @@ bool cmAddDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       target->AddUtility(arg, &mf);
     }
   } else {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "Cannot add target-level dependencies to non-existent target \""
-      << target_name << "\".\n"
-      << "The add_dependencies works for top-level logical targets created "
-      << "by the add_executable, add_library, or add_custom_target commands.  "
-      << "If you want to add file-level dependencies see the DEPENDS option "
-      << "of the add_custom_target and add_custom_command commands.";
-    mf.IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    mf.IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat(
+        "Cannot add target-level dependencies to non-existent "
+        "target \"",
+        target_name,
+        "\".\nThe add_dependencies works for "
+        "top-level logical targets created by the add_executable, "
+        "add_library, or add_custom_target commands.  If you want to add "
+        "file-level dependencies see the DEPENDS option of the "
+        "add_custom_target and add_custom_command commands."));
   }
 
   return true;

Source/cmAddExecutableCommand.cxx

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmAddExecutableCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmGeneratorExpression.h"
 #include "cmGlobalGenerator.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmStateTypes.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmTarget.h"
 
 bool cmAddExecutableCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
@@ -99,34 +98,30 @@ bool cmAddExecutableCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
     std::string const& aliasedName = *s;
     if (mf.IsAlias(aliasedName)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << exename << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is itself an ALIAS.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", exename,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is itself an ALIAS."));
       return false;
     }
     cmTarget* aliasedTarget = mf.FindTargetToUse(aliasedName, true);
     if (!aliasedTarget) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << exename << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" does not already exist.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", exename,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" does not already exist."));
       return false;
     }
     cmStateEnums::TargetType type = aliasedTarget->GetType();
     if (type != cmStateEnums::EXECUTABLE) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << exename << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is not an executable.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", exename,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is not an executable."));
       return false;
     }
     if (aliasedTarget->IsImported() &&
         !aliasedTarget->IsImportedGloballyVisible()) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << exename << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is imported but not globally visible.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", exename,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is imported but not globally visible."));
       return false;
     }
     mf.AddAlias(exename, aliasedName);
@@ -137,10 +132,9 @@ bool cmAddExecutableCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   if (importTarget) {
     // Make sure the target does not already exist.
     if (mf.FindTargetToUse(exename)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create imported target \"" << exename
-        << "\" because another target with the same name already exists.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+        "cannot create imported target \"", exename,
+        "\" because another target with the same name already exists."));
       return false;
     }
 

Source/cmAddLibraryCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmAddLibraryCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmGeneratorExpression.h"
@@ -184,20 +182,16 @@ bool cmAddLibraryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
     std::string const& aliasedName = *s;
     if (mf.IsAlias(aliasedName)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << libName << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is itself an ALIAS.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", libName,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is itself an ALIAS."));
       return false;
     }
     cmTarget* aliasedTarget = mf.FindTargetToUse(aliasedName, true);
     if (!aliasedTarget) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << libName << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName
-        << "\" does not already "
-           "exist.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", libName,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" does not already exist."));
       return false;
     }
     cmStateEnums::TargetType aliasedType = aliasedTarget->GetType();
@@ -208,18 +202,16 @@ bool cmAddLibraryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
         aliasedType != cmStateEnums::INTERFACE_LIBRARY &&
         !(aliasedType == cmStateEnums::UNKNOWN_LIBRARY &&
           aliasedTarget->IsImported())) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << libName << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is not a library.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", libName,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is not a library."));
       return false;
     }
     if (aliasedTarget->IsImported() &&
         !aliasedTarget->IsImportedGloballyVisible()) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create ALIAS target \"" << libName << "\" because target \""
-        << aliasedName << "\" is imported but not globally visible.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot create ALIAS target \"", libName,
+                               "\" because target \"", aliasedName,
+                               "\" is imported but not globally visible."));
       return false;
     }
     mf.AddAlias(libName, aliasedName);
@@ -238,12 +230,13 @@ bool cmAddLibraryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   if ((type == cmStateEnums::SHARED_LIBRARY ||
        type == cmStateEnums::MODULE_LIBRARY) &&
       !mf.GetState()->GetGlobalPropertyAsBool("TARGET_SUPPORTS_SHARED_LIBS")) {
-    std::ostringstream w;
-    w << "ADD_LIBRARY called with "
-      << (type == cmStateEnums::SHARED_LIBRARY ? "SHARED" : "MODULE")
-      << " option but the target platform does not support dynamic linking. "
-         "Building a STATIC library instead. This may lead to problems.";
-    mf.IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, w.str());
+    mf.IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+      cmStrCat(
+        "ADD_LIBRARY called with ",
+        (type == cmStateEnums::SHARED_LIBRARY ? "SHARED" : "MODULE"),
+        " option but the target platform does not support dynamic linking. ",
+        "Building a STATIC library instead. This may lead to problems."));
     type = cmStateEnums::STATIC_LIBRARY;
   }
 
@@ -266,19 +259,17 @@ bool cmAddLibraryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     }
     if (type == cmStateEnums::INTERFACE_LIBRARY) {
       if (!cmGeneratorExpression::IsValidTargetName(libName)) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "Invalid name for IMPORTED INTERFACE library target: " << libName;
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+          "Invalid name for IMPORTED INTERFACE library target: ", libName));
         return false;
       }
     }
 
     // Make sure the target does not already exist.
     if (mf.FindTargetToUse(libName)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "cannot create imported target \"" << libName
-        << "\" because another target with the same name already exists.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+        "cannot create imported target \"", libName,
+        "\" because another target with the same name already exists."));
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -309,9 +300,8 @@ bool cmAddLibraryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   if (type == cmStateEnums::INTERFACE_LIBRARY) {
     if (!cmGeneratorExpression::IsValidTargetName(libName) ||
         libName.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "Invalid name for INTERFACE library target: " << libName;
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("Invalid name for INTERFACE library target: ", libName));
       return false;
     }
 

Source/cmAddSubDirectoryCommand.cxx

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "cmAddSubDirectoryCommand.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
-#include <sstream>
 
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
@@ -64,13 +63,13 @@ bool cmAddSubDirectoryCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     // error.
     if (!cmSystemTools::IsSubDirectory(srcPath,
                                        mf.GetCurrentSourceDirectory())) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "not given a binary directory but the given source directory "
-        << "\"" << srcPath << "\" is not a subdirectory of \""
-        << mf.GetCurrentSourceDirectory() << "\".  "
-        << "When specifying an out-of-tree source a binary directory "
-        << "must be explicitly specified.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("not given a binary directory but the given source ",
+                 "directory \"", srcPath, "\" is not a subdirectory of \"",
+                 mf.GetCurrentSourceDirectory(),
+                 "\".  When specifying an "
+                 "out-of-tree source a binary directory must be explicitly "
+                 "specified."));
       return false;
     }
 

Source/cmAddTestCommand.cxx

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmAddTestCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmTest.h"
 #include "cmTestGenerator.h"
 
@@ -38,10 +37,8 @@ bool cmAddTestCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     // If the test was already added by a new-style signature do not
     // allow it to be duplicated.
     if (!test->GetOldStyle()) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << " given test name \"" << args[0]
-        << "\" which already exists in this directory.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(" given test name \"", args[0],
+                               "\" which already exists in this directory."));
       return false;
     }
   } else {
@@ -110,9 +107,7 @@ bool cmAddTestCommandHandleNameMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       working_directory = args[i];
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << " given unknown argument:\n  " << args[i] << "\n";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(" given unknown argument:\n  ", args[i], "\n"));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -133,10 +128,8 @@ bool cmAddTestCommandHandleNameMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   // Require a unique test name within the directory.
   if (mf.GetTest(name)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << " given test NAME \"" << name
-      << "\" which already exists in this directory.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat(" given test NAME \"", name,
+                             "\" which already exists in this directory."));
     return false;
   }
 

Source/cmCMakePolicyCommand.cxx

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmCMakePolicyCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
 #include "cmPolicies.h"
 #include "cmState.h"
 #include "cmStateTypes.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 
 namespace {
 bool HandleSetMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
@@ -60,9 +59,7 @@ bool cmCMakePolicyCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     return HandleGetWarningMode(args, status);
   }
 
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "given unknown first argument \"" << args[0] << "\"";
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat("given unknown first argument \"", args[0], "\""));
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -82,9 +79,8 @@ bool HandleSetMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   } else if (args[2] == "NEW") {
     policyStatus = cmPolicies::NEW;
   } else {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "SET given unrecognized policy status \"" << args[2] << "\"";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("SET given unrecognized policy status \"", args[2], "\""));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -128,10 +124,9 @@ bool HandleGetMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   // Lookup the policy number.
   cmPolicies::PolicyID pid;
   if (!cmPolicies::GetPolicyID(id.c_str(), pid)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "GET given policy \"" << id << "\" which is not known to this "
-      << "version of CMake.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("GET given policy \"", id,
+               "\" which is not known to this version of CMake."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -155,12 +150,14 @@ bool HandleGetMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     case cmPolicies::REQUIRED_ALWAYS:
       // The policy is required to be set before anything needs it.
       {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << cmPolicies::GetRequiredPolicyError(pid) << "\n"
-          << "The call to cmake_policy(GET " << id << " ...) at which this "
-          << "error appears requests the policy, and this version of CMake "
-          << "requires that the policy be set to NEW before it is checked.";
-        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+          MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+          cmStrCat(
+            cmPolicies::GetRequiredPolicyError(pid), "\n",
+            "The call to cmake_policy(GET ", id,
+            " ...) at which this "
+            "error appears requests the policy, and this version of CMake ",
+            "requires that the policy be set to NEW before it is checked."));
       }
   }
 
@@ -188,10 +185,9 @@ bool HandleVersionMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     : std::string();
   if (dd != std::string::npos &&
       (version_min.empty() || version_max.empty())) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "VERSION \"" << version_string
-      << R"(" does not have a version on both sides of "...".)";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("VERSION \"", version_string,
+               R"(" does not have a version on both sides of "...".)"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -215,10 +211,9 @@ bool HandleGetWarningMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   // Lookup the policy number.
   cmPolicies::PolicyID pid;
   if (!cmPolicies::GetPolicyID(id.c_str(), pid)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "GET_WARNING given policy \"" << id
-      << "\" which is not known to this version of CMake.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("GET_WARNING given policy \"", id,
+               "\" which is not known to this version of CMake."));
     return false;
   }
 

Source/cmConfigureFileCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmConfigureFileCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
@@ -26,13 +24,9 @@ bool cmConfigureFileCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   // If the input location is a directory, error out.
   if (cmSystemTools::FileIsDirectory(inputFile)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    /* clang-format off */
-    e << "input location\n"
-      << "  " << inputFile << "\n"
-      << "is a directory but a file was expected.";
-    /* clang-format on */
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("input location\n  ", inputFile,
+                             "\n"
+                             "is a directory but a file was expected."));
     return false;
   }
 

Source/cmFileCommand.cxx

@@ -274,9 +274,8 @@ bool HandleHashCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 {
 #if !defined(CMAKE_BOOTSTRAP)
   if (args.size() != 3) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " requires a file name and output variable";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " requires a file name and output variable"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -287,16 +286,12 @@ bool HandleHashCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(args[2], out);
       return true;
     }
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " failed to read file \"" << args[1]
-      << "\": " << cmSystemTools::GetLastSystemError();
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " failed to read file \"", args[1],
+                             "\": ", cmSystemTools::GetLastSystemError()));
   }
   return false;
 #else
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << args[0] << " not available during bootstrap";
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " not available during bootstrap"));
   return false;
 #endif
 }
@@ -376,30 +371,24 @@ bool HandleStringsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_limit_input) {
       if (sscanf(args[i].c_str(), "%d", &limit_input) != 1 ||
           limit_input < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option LIMIT_INPUT value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option LIMIT_INPUT value \"",
+                                 args[i], "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       arg_mode = arg_none;
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_limit_output) {
       if (sscanf(args[i].c_str(), "%d", &limit_output) != 1 ||
           limit_output < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option LIMIT_OUTPUT value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option LIMIT_OUTPUT value \"",
+                                 args[i], "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       arg_mode = arg_none;
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_limit_count) {
       int count;
       if (sscanf(args[i].c_str(), "%d", &count) != 1 || count < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option LIMIT_COUNT value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option LIMIT_COUNT value \"",
+                                 args[i], "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       limit_count = count;
@@ -407,10 +396,8 @@ bool HandleStringsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_length_minimum) {
       int len;
       if (sscanf(args[i].c_str(), "%d", &len) != 1 || len < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option LENGTH_MINIMUM value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option LENGTH_MINIMUM value \"",
+                                 args[i], "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       minlen = len;
@@ -418,20 +405,16 @@ bool HandleStringsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_length_maximum) {
       int len;
       if (sscanf(args[i].c_str(), "%d", &len) != 1 || len < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option LENGTH_MAXIMUM value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option LENGTH_MAXIMUM value \"",
+                                 args[i], "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       maxlen = len;
       arg_mode = arg_none;
     } else if (arg_mode == arg_regex) {
       if (!regex.compile(args[i])) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option REGEX value \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" could not be compiled.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option REGEX value \"", args[i],
+                                 "\" could not be compiled."));
         return false;
       }
       have_regex = true;
@@ -448,16 +431,14 @@ bool HandleStringsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       } else if (args[i] == "UTF-32BE") {
         encoding = encoding_utf32be;
       } else {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "STRINGS option ENCODING \"" << args[i] << "\" not recognized.";
-        status.SetError(e.str());
+        status.SetError(cmStrCat("STRINGS option ENCODING \"", args[i],
+                                 "\" not recognized."));
         return false;
       }
       arg_mode = arg_none;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "STRINGS given unknown argument \"" << args[i] << "\"";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("STRINGS given unknown argument \"", args[i], "\""));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -479,9 +460,8 @@ bool HandleStringsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   cmsys::ifstream fin(fileName.c_str());
 #endif
   if (!fin) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "STRINGS file \"" << fileName << "\" cannot be read.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("STRINGS file \"", fileName, "\" cannot be read."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -963,9 +943,7 @@ bool HandleDifferentCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       file_rhs = args[i].c_str();
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "DIFFERENT given unknown argument " << args[i];
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("DIFFERENT given unknown argument ", args[i]));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1027,9 +1005,8 @@ bool HandleRPathChangeCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       newRPath = args[i].c_str();
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "RPATH_CHANGE given unknown argument " << args[i];
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("RPATH_CHANGE given unknown argument ", args[i]));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1046,9 +1023,8 @@ bool HandleRPathChangeCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     return false;
   }
   if (!cmSystemTools::FileExists(file, true)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "RPATH_CHANGE given FILE \"" << file << "\" that does not exist.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("RPATH_CHANGE given FILE \"", file, "\" that does not exist."));
     return false;
   }
   bool success = true;
@@ -1058,15 +1034,9 @@ bool HandleRPathChangeCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   if (!cmSystemTools::ChangeRPath(file, oldRPath, newRPath,
                                   removeEnvironmentRPath, &emsg, &changed)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    /* clang-format off */
-    e << "RPATH_CHANGE could not write new RPATH:\n"
-      << "  " << newRPath << "\n"
-      << "to the file:\n"
-      << "  " << file << "\n"
-      << emsg;
-    /* clang-format on */
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("RPATH_CHANGE could not write new RPATH:\n  ",
+                             newRPath, "\nto the file:\n  ", file, "\n",
+                             emsg));
     success = false;
   }
   if (success) {
@@ -1098,9 +1068,8 @@ bool HandleRPathRemoveCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       file = args[i];
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "RPATH_REMOVE given unknown argument " << args[i];
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("RPATH_REMOVE given unknown argument ", args[i]));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1109,9 +1078,8 @@ bool HandleRPathRemoveCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     return false;
   }
   if (!cmSystemTools::FileExists(file, true)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "RPATH_REMOVE given FILE \"" << file << "\" that does not exist.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("RPATH_REMOVE given FILE \"", file, "\" that does not exist."));
     return false;
   }
   bool success = true;
@@ -1119,13 +1087,9 @@ bool HandleRPathRemoveCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   std::string emsg;
   bool removed;
   if (!cmSystemTools::RemoveRPath(file, &emsg, &removed)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    /* clang-format off */
-    e << "RPATH_REMOVE could not remove RPATH from file:\n"
-      << "  " << file << "\n"
-      << emsg;
-    /* clang-format on */
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("RPATH_REMOVE could not remove RPATH from file: \n  ", file,
+               "\n", emsg));
     success = false;
   }
   if (success) {
@@ -1164,9 +1128,8 @@ bool HandleRPathCheckCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       rpath = args[i].c_str();
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "RPATH_CHECK given unknown argument " << args[i];
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("RPATH_CHECK given unknown argument ", args[i]));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1215,9 +1178,8 @@ bool HandleReadElfCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   Arguments const arguments = parser.Parse(cmMakeRange(args).advance(2));
 
   if (!cmSystemTools::FileExists(fileNameArg, true)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "READ_ELF given FILE \"" << fileNameArg << "\" that does not exist.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("READ_ELF given FILE \"", fileNameArg,
+                             "\" that does not exist."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1311,15 +1273,8 @@ bool HandleRename(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   if (!cmSystemTools::RenameFile(oldname, newname)) {
     std::string err = cmSystemTools::GetLastSystemError();
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    /* clang-format off */
-    e << "RENAME failed to rename\n"
-      << "  " << oldname << "\n"
-      << "to\n"
-      << "  " << newname << "\n"
-      << "because: " << err << "\n";
-    /* clang-format on */
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("RENAME failed to rename\n  ", oldname,
+                             "\nto\n  ", newname, "\nbecause: ", err, "\n"));
     return false;
   }
   return true;
@@ -1494,10 +1449,8 @@ public:
     bool updated = (OldPercentage != this->CurrentPercentage);
 
     if (updated) {
-      std::ostringstream oss;
-      oss << "[" << this->Text << " " << this->CurrentPercentage
-          << "% complete]";
-      status = oss.str();
+      status =
+        cmStrCat("[", this->Text, " ", this->CurrentPercentage, "% complete]");
     }
 
     return updated;
@@ -1743,9 +1696,7 @@ bool HandleDownloadCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       msg = cmStrCat("returning early; file already exists with expected ",
                      hashMatchMSG, '"');
       if (!statusVar.empty()) {
-        std::ostringstream result;
-        result << 0 << ";\"" << msg;
-        status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(statusVar, result.str());
+        status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(statusVar, cmStrCat(0, ";\"", msg));
       }
       return true;
     }
@@ -1891,10 +1842,9 @@ bool HandleDownloadCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   ::curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
 
   if (!statusVar.empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream result;
-    result << static_cast<int>(res) << ";\"" << ::curl_easy_strerror(res)
-           << "\"";
-    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(statusVar, result.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(
+      statusVar,
+      cmStrCat(static_cast<int>(res), ";\"", ::curl_easy_strerror(res), "\""));
   }
 
   ::curl_global_cleanup();
@@ -1914,14 +1864,6 @@ bool HandleDownloadCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     }
 
     if (expectedHash != actualHash) {
-      std::ostringstream oss;
-      oss << "DOWNLOAD HASH mismatch" << std::endl
-          << "  for file: [" << file << "]" << std::endl
-          << "    expected hash: [" << expectedHash << "]" << std::endl
-          << "      actual hash: [" << actualHash << "]" << std::endl
-          << "           status: [" << static_cast<int>(res) << ";\""
-          << ::curl_easy_strerror(res) << "\"]" << std::endl;
-
       if (!statusVar.empty() && res == 0) {
         status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(statusVar,
                                            "1;HASH mismatch: "
@@ -1930,7 +1872,19 @@ bool HandleDownloadCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                                              " actual: " + actualHash);
       }
 
-      status.SetError(oss.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("DOWNLOAD HASH mismatch\n"
+                               "  for file: [",
+                               file,
+                               "]\n"
+                               "    expected hash: [",
+                               expectedHash,
+                               "]\n"
+                               "      actual hash: [",
+                               actualHash,
+                               "]\n"
+                               "           status: [",
+                               static_cast<int>(res), ";\"",
+                               ::curl_easy_strerror(res), "\"]\n"));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -2180,10 +2134,9 @@ bool HandleUploadCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   ::curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
 
   if (!statusVar.empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream result;
-    result << static_cast<int>(res) << ";\"" << ::curl_easy_strerror(res)
-           << "\"";
-    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(statusVar, result.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(
+      statusVar,
+      cmStrCat(static_cast<int>(res), ";\"", ::curl_easy_strerror(res), "\""));
   }
 
   ::curl_global_cleanup();
@@ -2322,9 +2275,9 @@ bool HandleLockCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       } else if (args[i] == "PROCESS") {
         guard = GUARD_PROCESS;
       } else {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << merr << ", but got:\n  \"" << args[i] << "\".";
-        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+          MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+          cmStrCat(merr, ", but got:\n  \"", args[i], "\"."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -2346,17 +2299,18 @@ bool HandleLockCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       }
       long scanned;
       if (!cmStrToLong(args[i], &scanned) || scanned < 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "TIMEOUT value \"" << args[i] << "\" is not an unsigned integer.";
-        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+        status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+          MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+          cmStrCat("TIMEOUT value \"", args[i],
+                   "\" is not an unsigned integer."));
         return false;
       }
       timeout = static_cast<unsigned long>(scanned);
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "expected DIRECTORY, RELEASE, GUARD, RESULT_VARIABLE or TIMEOUT\n";
-      e << "but got: \"" << args[i] << "\".";
-      status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+      status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+        cmStrCat("expected DIRECTORY, RELEASE, GUARD, RESULT_VARIABLE or ",
+                 "TIMEOUT\nbut got: \"", args[i], "\"."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -2375,18 +2329,19 @@ bool HandleLockCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   // Create file and directories if needed
   std::string parentDir = cmSystemTools::GetParentDirectory(path);
   if (!cmSystemTools::MakeDirectory(parentDir)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "directory\n  \"" << parentDir << "\"\ncreation failed ";
-    e << "(check permissions).";
-    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat("directory\n  \"", parentDir,
+               "\"\ncreation failed (check permissions)."));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
   FILE* file = cmsys::SystemTools::Fopen(path, "w");
   if (!file) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "file\n  \"" << path << "\"\ncreation failed (check permissions).";
-    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat("file\n  \"", path,
+               "\"\ncreation failed (check permissions)."));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
@@ -2419,9 +2374,9 @@ bool HandleLockCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   const std::string result = fileLockResult.GetOutputMessage();
 
   if (resultVariable.empty() && !fileLockResult.IsOk()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "error locking file\n  \"" << path << "\"\n" << result << ".";
-    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat("error locking file\n  \"", path, "\"\n", result, "."));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
@@ -2485,9 +2440,8 @@ bool HandleSizeCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                        cmExecutionStatus& status)
 {
   if (args.size() != 3) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " requires a file name and output variable";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " requires a file name and output variable"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -2498,9 +2452,8 @@ bool HandleSizeCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   const std::string& outputVariable = args[argsIndex++];
 
   if (!cmSystemTools::FileExists(filename, true)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "SIZE requested of path that is not readable:\n  " << filename;
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("SIZE requested of path that is not readable:\n  ", filename));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -2514,9 +2467,8 @@ bool HandleReadSymlinkCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                               cmExecutionStatus& status)
 {
   if (args.size() != 3) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " requires a file name and output variable";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " requires a file name and output variable"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -2525,10 +2477,8 @@ bool HandleReadSymlinkCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
   std::string result;
   if (!cmSystemTools::ReadSymlink(filename, result)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "READ_SYMLINK requested of path that is not a symlink:\n  "
-      << filename;
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+      "READ_SYMLINK requested of path that is not a symlink:\n  ", filename));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -2655,10 +2605,9 @@ bool HandleGetRuntimeDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   std::string platform =
     status.GetMakefile().GetSafeDefinition("CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME");
   if (!supportedPlatforms.count(platform)) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "GET_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES is not supported on system \"" << platform
-      << "\"";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("GET_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES is not supported on system \"",
+               platform, "\""));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
@@ -2718,17 +2667,13 @@ bool HandleGetRuntimeDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                  &keywordsMissingValues);
   auto argIt = unrecognizedArguments.begin();
   if (argIt != unrecognizedArguments.end()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "Unrecognized argument: \"" << *argIt << "\"";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("Unrecognized argument: \"", *argIt, "\""));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
   argIt = keywordsMissingValues.begin();
   if (argIt != keywordsMissingValues.end()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "Keyword missing value: " << *argIt;
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("Keyword missing value: ", *argIt));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
     return false;
   }
@@ -2792,9 +2737,7 @@ bool HandleGetRuntimeDependenciesCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     } else {
       auto it = archive.GetUnresolvedPaths().begin();
       assert(it != archive.GetUnresolvedPaths().end());
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "Could not resolve file " << *it;
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("Could not resolve file ", *it));
       cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
       return false;
     }

Source/cmFindPackageCommand.cxx

@@ -348,11 +348,10 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::InitialPass(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
     } else if (doing == DoingConfigs) {
       if (args[i].find_first_of(":/\\") != std::string::npos ||
           cmSystemTools::GetFilenameLastExtension(args[i]) != ".cmake") {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "given CONFIGS option followed by invalid file name \"" << args[i]
-          << "\".  The names given must be file names without "
-          << "a path and with a \".cmake\" extension.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(
+          "given CONFIGS option followed by invalid file name \"", args[i],
+          "\".  The names given must be file names without "
+          "a path and with a \".cmake\" extension."));
         return false;
       }
       this->Configs.push_back(args[i]);
@@ -360,9 +359,8 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::InitialPass(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
       haveVersion = true;
       this->Version = args[i];
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "called with invalid argument \"" << args[i] << "\"";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat("called with invalid argument \"", args[i], "\""));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -372,10 +370,10 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::InitialPass(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
                         optionalComponents.begin(), optionalComponents.end(),
                         std::back_inserter(doubledComponents));
   if (!doubledComponents.empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "called with components that are both required and optional:\n";
-    e << cmWrap("  ", doubledComponents, "", "\n") << "\n";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat("called with components that are both required and "
+               "optional:\n",
+               cmWrap("  ", doubledComponents, "", "\n"), "\n"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -459,11 +457,10 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::InitialPass(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
     cmStrCat("CMAKE_DISABLE_FIND_PACKAGE_", this->Name);
   if (this->Makefile->IsOn(disableFindPackageVar)) {
     if (this->Required) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "for module " << this->Name << " called with REQUIRED, but "
-        << disableFindPackageVar
-        << " is enabled. A REQUIRED package cannot be disabled.";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat("for module ", this->Name, " called with REQUIRED, but ",
+                 disableFindPackageVar,
+                 " is enabled. A REQUIRED package cannot be disabled."));
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -701,9 +698,9 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::FindModule(bool& found)
           this->Makefile->GetPolicyStatus(it->second);
         switch (status) {
           case cmPolicies::WARN: {
-            std::ostringstream e;
-            e << cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(it->second) << "\n";
-            this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, e.str());
+            this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+              MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+              cmStrCat(cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(it->second), "\n"));
             CM_FALLTHROUGH;
           }
           case cmPolicies::OLD:
@@ -934,10 +931,10 @@ bool cmFindPackageCommand::HandlePackageMode(
     }
     // output result if in config mode but not in quiet mode
     else if (!this->Quiet) {
-      std::ostringstream aw;
-      aw << "Could NOT find " << this->Name << " (missing: " << this->Name
-         << "_DIR)";
-      this->Makefile->DisplayStatus(aw.str(), -1);
+      this->Makefile->DisplayStatus(cmStrCat("Could NOT find ", this->Name,
+                                             " (missing: ", this->Name,
+                                             "_DIR)"),
+                                    -1);
     }
   }
 

Source/cmForEachCommand.cxx

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cm_memory.hxx"
@@ -146,10 +145,9 @@ bool cmForEachCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       }
       if ((start > stop && step > 0) || (start < stop && step < 0) ||
           step == 0) {
-        std::ostringstream str;
-        str << "called with incorrect range specification: start ";
-        str << start << ", stop " << stop << ", step " << step;
-        status.SetError(str.str());
+        status.SetError(
+          cmStrCat("called with incorrect range specification: start ", start,
+                   ", stop ", stop, ", step ", step));
         return false;
       }
       std::vector<std::string> range;
@@ -204,10 +202,9 @@ bool HandleInMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args, cmMakefile& makefile)
         cmExpandList(value, fb->Args, true);
       }
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "Unknown argument:\n"
-        << "  " << args[i] << "\n";
-      makefile.IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+      makefile.IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+        cmStrCat("Unknown argument:\n", "  ", args[i], "\n"));
       return true;
     }
   }

Source/cmGetPropertyCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmGetPropertyCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmGlobalGenerator.h"
 #include "cmInstalledFile.h"
@@ -99,11 +97,11 @@ bool cmGetPropertyCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   } else if (args[1] == "INSTALL") {
     scope = cmProperty::INSTALL;
   } else {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "given invalid scope " << args[1] << ".  "
-      << "Valid scopes are "
-      << "GLOBAL, DIRECTORY, TARGET, SOURCE, TEST, VARIABLE, CACHE, INSTALL.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+      "given invalid scope ", args[1],
+      ".  "
+      "Valid scopes are "
+      "GLOBAL, DIRECTORY, TARGET, SOURCE, TEST, VARIABLE, CACHE, INSTALL."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -138,9 +136,7 @@ bool cmGetPropertyCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       doing = DoingNone;
       propertyName = args[i];
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given invalid argument \"" << args[i] << "\".";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("given invalid argument \"", args[i], "\"."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -331,10 +327,8 @@ bool HandleTargetMode(cmExecutionStatus& status, const std::string& name,
     }
     return StoreResult(infoType, status.GetMakefile(), variable, prop_cstr);
   }
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "could not find TARGET " << name
-    << ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created.";
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat("could not find TARGET ", name,
+                           ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created."));
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -352,9 +346,8 @@ bool HandleSourceMode(cmExecutionStatus& status, const std::string& name,
     return StoreResult(infoType, status.GetMakefile(), variable,
                        sf->GetPropertyForUser(propertyName));
   }
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "given SOURCE name that could not be found or created: " << name;
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(
+    cmStrCat("given SOURCE name that could not be found or created: ", name));
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -374,9 +367,7 @@ bool HandleTestMode(cmExecutionStatus& status, const std::string& name,
   }
 
   // If not found it is an error.
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "given TEST name that does not exist: " << name;
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat("given TEST name that does not exist: ", name));
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -431,9 +422,8 @@ bool HandleInstallMode(cmExecutionStatus& status, const std::string& name,
     return StoreResult(infoType, status.GetMakefile(), variable,
                        isSet ? value.c_str() : nullptr);
   }
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "given INSTALL name that could not be found or created: " << name;
-  status.SetError(e.str());
+  status.SetError(
+    cmStrCat("given INSTALL name that could not be found or created: ", name));
   return false;
 }
 }

Source/cmInstallCommand.cxx

@@ -293,9 +293,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
 
   if (!unknownArgs.empty()) {
     // Unknown argument.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "TARGETS given unknown argument \"" << unknownArgs[0] << "\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat("TARGETS given unknown argument \"", unknownArgs[0], "\"."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -391,9 +390,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
   for (std::string const& tgt : targetList) {
 
     if (this->Makefile->IsAlias(tgt)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "TARGETS given target \"" << tgt << "\" which is an alias.";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat("TARGETS given target \"", tgt, "\" which is an alias."));
       return false;
     }
     // Lookup this target in the current directory.
@@ -414,19 +412,17 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
           target->GetType() != cmStateEnums::MODULE_LIBRARY &&
           target->GetType() != cmStateEnums::OBJECT_LIBRARY &&
           target->GetType() != cmStateEnums::INTERFACE_LIBRARY) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "TARGETS given target \"" << tgt
-          << "\" which is not an executable, library, or module.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(
+          cmStrCat("TARGETS given target \"", tgt,
+                   "\" which is not an executable, library, or module."));
         return false;
       }
       // Store the target in the list to be installed.
       targets.push_back(target);
     } else {
       // Did not find the target.
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "TARGETS given target \"" << tgt << "\" which does not exist.";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat("TARGETS given target \"", tgt, "\" which does not exist."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -507,11 +503,10 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
               frameworkGenerator = CreateInstallTargetGenerator(
                 target, frameworkArgs, false, this->Makefile->GetBacktrace());
             } else {
-              std::ostringstream e;
-              e << "TARGETS given no FRAMEWORK DESTINATION for shared library "
-                   "FRAMEWORK target \""
-                << target.GetName() << "\".";
-              this->SetError(e.str());
+              this->SetError(
+                cmStrCat("TARGETS given no FRAMEWORK DESTINATION for shared "
+                         "library FRAMEWORK target \"",
+                         target.GetName(), "\"."));
               return false;
             }
           } else {
@@ -549,11 +544,11 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
             frameworkGenerator = CreateInstallTargetGenerator(
               target, frameworkArgs, false, this->Makefile->GetBacktrace());
           } else {
-            std::ostringstream e;
-            e << "TARGETS given no FRAMEWORK DESTINATION for static library "
-                 "FRAMEWORK target \""
-              << target.GetName() << "\".";
-            this->SetError(e.str());
+            this->SetError(
+              cmStrCat("TARGETS given no FRAMEWORK DESTINATION for static "
+                       "library FRAMEWORK target \"",
+                       target.GetName(), "\"."));
+
             return false;
           }
         } else {
@@ -572,10 +567,10 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
           namelinkOnly =
             (namelinkMode == cmInstallTargetGenerator::NamelinkModeOnly);
         } else {
-          std::ostringstream e;
-          e << "TARGETS given no LIBRARY DESTINATION for module target \""
-            << target.GetName() << "\".";
-          this->SetError(e.str());
+          this->SetError(
+            cmStrCat("TARGETS given no LIBRARY DESTINATION for module "
+                     "target \"",
+                     target.GetName(), "\"."));
           return false;
         }
       } break;
@@ -586,10 +581,9 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
           std::string reason;
           if (!this->Makefile->GetGlobalGenerator()
                  ->HasKnownObjectFileLocation(&reason)) {
-            std::ostringstream e;
-            e << "TARGETS given OBJECT library \"" << target.GetName()
-              << "\" whose objects may not be installed" << reason << ".";
-            this->SetError(e.str());
+            this->SetError(
+              cmStrCat("TARGETS given OBJECT library \"", target.GetName(),
+                       "\" whose objects may not be installed", reason, "."));
             return false;
           }
 
@@ -619,11 +613,9 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
             }
           }
           if (!bundleGenerator) {
-            std::ostringstream e;
-            e << "TARGETS given no BUNDLE DESTINATION for MACOSX_BUNDLE "
-                 "executable target \""
-              << target.GetName() << "\".";
-            this->SetError(e.str());
+            this->SetError(cmStrCat("TARGETS given no BUNDLE DESTINATION for "
+                                    "MACOSX_BUNDLE executable target \"",
+                                    target.GetName(), "\"."));
             return false;
           }
         } else {
@@ -708,10 +700,10 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleTargetsMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
           resourceGenerator = CreateInstallFilesGenerator(
             this->Makefile, absFiles, resourceArgs, false);
         } else {
-          std::ostringstream e;
-          e << "INSTALL TARGETS - target " << target.GetName() << " has "
-            << "RESOURCE files but no RESOURCE DESTINATION.";
-          cmSystemTools::Message(e.str(), "Warning");
+          cmSystemTools::Message(
+            cmStrCat("INSTALL TARGETS - target ", target.GetName(),
+                     " has RESOURCE files but no RESOURCE DESTINATION."),
+            "Warning");
         }
       }
     }
@@ -820,17 +812,15 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleFilesMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
 
   if (!unknownArgs.empty()) {
     // Unknown argument.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given unknown argument \"" << unknownArgs[0] << "\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given unknown argument \"", unknownArgs[0], "\"."));
     return false;
   }
 
   std::string type = ica.GetType();
   if (!type.empty() && allowedTypes.count(type) == 0) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given non-type \"" << type << "\" with TYPE argument.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given non-type \"", type, "\" with TYPE argument."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -843,9 +833,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleFilesMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
 
   if (!ica.GetRename().empty() && filesVector.size() > 1) {
     // The rename option works only with one file.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given RENAME option with more than one file.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given RENAME option with more than one file."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -897,20 +886,16 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleFilesMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
   }
 
   if (!type.empty() && !ica.GetDestination().empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0]
-      << " given both TYPE and DESTINATION arguments. You may only specify "
-         "one.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0],
+                            " given both TYPE and DESTINATION arguments. "
+                            "You may only specify one."));
     return false;
   }
 
   std::string destination = this->GetDestinationForType(&ica, type);
   if (destination.empty()) {
     // A destination is required.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given no DESTINATION!";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given no DESTINATION!"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -959,10 +944,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
   for (unsigned int i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
     if (args[i] == "DESTINATION") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -970,10 +953,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingDestination;
     } else if (args[i] == "TYPE") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -981,10 +962,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingType;
     } else if (args[i] == "OPTIONAL") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -993,10 +972,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else if (args[i] == "MESSAGE_NEVER") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1014,20 +991,16 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
     } else if (args[i] == "EXCLUDE") {
       // Add this property to the current match rule.
       if (!in_match_mode || doing == DoingPattern || doing == DoingRegex) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" before a PATTERN or REGEX is given.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" before a PATTERN or REGEX is given."));
         return false;
       }
       literal_args += " EXCLUDE";
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else if (args[i] == "PERMISSIONS") {
       if (!in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" before a PATTERN or REGEX is given.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" before a PATTERN or REGEX is given."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1036,10 +1009,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingPermsMatch;
     } else if (args[i] == "FILE_PERMISSIONS") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1047,10 +1018,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingPermsFile;
     } else if (args[i] == "DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1058,10 +1027,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingPermsDir;
     } else if (args[i] == "USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1070,10 +1037,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else if (args[i] == "FILES_MATCHING") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1082,10 +1047,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else if (args[i] == "CONFIGURATIONS") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1093,10 +1056,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingConfigurations;
     } else if (args[i] == "COMPONENT") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1104,10 +1065,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingComponent;
     } else if (args[i] == "EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL") {
       if (in_match_mode) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " does not allow \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" after PATTERN or REGEX.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " does not allow \"", args[i],
+                                "\" after PATTERN or REGEX."));
         return false;
       }
       exclude_from_all = true;
@@ -1124,10 +1083,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       // Make sure the name is a directory.
       if (cmSystemTools::FileExists(dir) &&
           !cmSystemTools::FileIsDirectory(dir)) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " given non-directory \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" to install.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given non-directory \"", args[i],
+                                "\" to install."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1140,10 +1097,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else if (doing == DoingType) {
       if (allowedTypes.count(args[i]) == 0) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " given non-type \"" << args[i]
-          << "\" with TYPE argument.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given non-type \"", args[i],
+                                "\" with TYPE argument."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1179,36 +1134,30 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
       // Check the requested permission.
       if (!cmInstallCommandArguments::CheckPermissions(args[i],
                                                        permissions_file)) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " given invalid file permission \"" << args[i]
-          << "\".";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given invalid file permission \"",
+                                args[i], "\"."));
         return false;
       }
     } else if (doing == DoingPermsDir) {
       // Check the requested permission.
       if (!cmInstallCommandArguments::CheckPermissions(args[i],
                                                        permissions_dir)) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " given invalid directory permission \"" << args[i]
-          << "\".";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(
+          args[0], " given invalid directory permission \"", args[i], "\"."));
         return false;
       }
     } else if (doing == DoingPermsMatch) {
       // Check the requested permission.
       if (!cmInstallCommandArguments::CheckPermissions(args[i],
                                                        literal_args)) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << args[0] << " given invalid permission \"" << args[i] << "\".";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(
+          cmStrCat(args[0], " given invalid permission \"", args[i], "\"."));
         return false;
       }
     } else {
       // Unknown argument.
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << args[0] << " given unknown argument \"" << args[i] << "\".";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat(args[0], " given unknown argument \"", args[i], "\"."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1226,19 +1175,15 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleDirectoryMode(
   if (!destination) {
     if (type.empty()) {
       // A destination is required.
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << args[0] << " given no DESTINATION!";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given no DESTINATION!"));
       return false;
     }
     destinationStr = this->GetDestinationForType(nullptr, type);
     destination = destinationStr.c_str();
   } else if (!type.empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0]
-      << " given both TYPE and DESTINATION arguments. You may only specify "
-         "one.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0],
+                            " given both TYPE and DESTINATION "
+                            "arguments. You may only specify one."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1280,9 +1225,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportAndroidMKMode(
 
   if (!unknownArgs.empty()) {
     // Unknown argument.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given unknown argument \"" << unknownArgs[0] << "\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given unknown argument \"", unknownArgs[0], "\"."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1293,39 +1237,35 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportAndroidMKMode(
   // Make sure there is a destination.
   if (ica.GetDestination().empty()) {
     // A destination is required.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given no DESTINATION!";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given no DESTINATION!"));
     return false;
   }
 
   // Check the file name.
   std::string fname = filename;
   if (fname.find_first_of(":/\\") != std::string::npos) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given invalid export file name \"" << fname << "\".  "
-      << "The FILE argument may not contain a path.  "
-      << "Specify the path in the DESTINATION argument.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given invalid export file name \"",
+                            fname,
+                            "\".  The FILE argument may not contain a path.  "
+                            "Specify the path in the DESTINATION argument."));
     return false;
   }
 
   // Check the file extension.
   if (!fname.empty() &&
       cmSystemTools::GetFilenameLastExtension(fname) != ".mk") {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given invalid export file name \"" << fname << "\".  "
-      << "The FILE argument must specify a name ending in \".mk\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(
+      args[0], " given invalid export file name \"", fname,
+      R"(".  The FILE argument must specify a name ending in ".mk".)"));
     return false;
   }
   if (fname.find_first_of(":/\\") != std::string::npos) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given export name \"" << exp << "\".  "
-      << "This name cannot be safely converted to a file name.  "
-      << "Specify a different export name or use the FILE option to set "
-      << "a file name explicitly.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given export name \"", exp,
+               "\".  "
+               "This name cannot be safely converted to a file name.  "
+               "Specify a different export name or use the FILE option to set "
+               "a file name explicitly."));
     return false;
   }
   // Use the default name
@@ -1375,9 +1315,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
 
   if (!unknownArgs.empty()) {
     // Unknown argument.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given unknown argument \"" << unknownArgs[0] << "\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given unknown argument \"", unknownArgs[0], "\"."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1388,30 +1327,28 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
   // Make sure there is a destination.
   if (ica.GetDestination().empty()) {
     // A destination is required.
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given no DESTINATION!";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given no DESTINATION!"));
     return false;
   }
 
   // Check the file name.
   std::string fname = filename;
   if (fname.find_first_of(":/\\") != std::string::npos) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given invalid export file name \"" << fname << "\".  "
-      << "The FILE argument may not contain a path.  "
-      << "Specify the path in the DESTINATION argument.";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " given invalid export file name \"",
+                            fname,
+                            "\".  "
+                            "The FILE argument may not contain a path.  "
+                            "Specify the path in the DESTINATION argument."));
     return false;
   }
 
   // Check the file extension.
   if (!fname.empty() &&
       cmSystemTools::GetFilenameLastExtension(fname) != ".cmake") {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " given invalid export file name \"" << fname << "\".  "
-      << "The FILE argument must specify a name ending in \".cmake\".";
-    this->SetError(e.str());
+    this->SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " given invalid export file name \"", fname,
+               "\".  "
+               "The FILE argument must specify a name ending in \".cmake\"."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1420,12 +1357,12 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
     fname = cmStrCat(exp, ".cmake");
 
     if (fname.find_first_of(":/\\") != std::string::npos) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << args[0] << " given export name \"" << exp << "\".  "
-        << "This name cannot be safely converted to a file name.  "
-        << "Specify a different export name or use the FILE option to set "
-        << "a file name explicitly.";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(cmStrCat(
+        args[0], " given export name \"", exp,
+        "\".  "
+        "This name cannot be safely converted to a file name.  "
+        "Specify a different export name or use the FILE option to set "
+        "a file name explicitly."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1441,12 +1378,10 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::HandleExportMode(std::vector<std::string> const& args)
          tgt->GetPolicyStatusCMP0022() != cmPolicies::OLD);
 
       if (!newCMP0022Behavior) {
-        std::ostringstream e;
-        e << "INSTALL(EXPORT) given keyword \""
-          << "EXPORT_LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"
-          << "\", but target \"" << te->TargetName
-          << "\" does not have policy CMP0022 set to NEW.";
-        this->SetError(e.str());
+        this->SetError(cmStrCat(
+          "INSTALL(EXPORT) given keyword \""
+          "EXPORT_LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES\", but target \"",
+          te->TargetName, "\" does not have policy CMP0022 set to NEW."));
         return false;
       }
     }
@@ -1480,9 +1415,8 @@ bool cmInstallCommand::MakeFilesFullPath(
 
     // Make sure the file is not a directory.
     if (gpos == std::string::npos && cmSystemTools::FileIsDirectory(file)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << modeName << " given directory \"" << relFile << "\" to install.";
-      this->SetError(e.str());
+      this->SetError(
+        cmStrCat(modeName, " given directory \"", relFile, "\" to install."));
       return false;
     }
     // Store the file for installation.

Source/cmListCommand.cxx

@@ -158,10 +158,8 @@ bool HandleGetCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       item = static_cast<int>(nitem) + item;
     }
     if (item < 0 || nitem <= static_cast<size_t>(item)) {
-      std::ostringstream str;
-      str << "index: " << item << " out of range (-" << nitem << ", "
-          << nitem - 1 << ")";
-      status.SetError(str.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("index: ", item, " out of range (-", nitem,
+                               ", ", nitem - 1, ")"));
       return false;
     }
     value += varArgsExpanded[item];
@@ -366,9 +364,7 @@ bool HandleInsertCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   if ((!GetList(varArgsExpanded, listName, status.GetMakefile()) ||
        varArgsExpanded.empty()) &&
       item != 0) {
-    std::ostringstream str;
-    str << "index: " << item << " out of range (0, 0)";
-    status.SetError(str.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("index: ", item, " out of range (0, 0)"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -378,10 +374,9 @@ bool HandleInsertCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       item = static_cast<int>(nitem) + item;
     }
     if (item < 0 || nitem < static_cast<size_t>(item)) {
-      std::ostringstream str;
-      str << "index: " << item << " out of range (-" << varArgsExpanded.size()
-          << ", " << varArgsExpanded.size() << ")";
-      status.SetError(str.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("index: ", item, " out of range (-",
+                               varArgsExpanded.size(), ", ",
+                               varArgsExpanded.size(), ")"));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -398,10 +393,8 @@ bool HandleJoinCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                        cmExecutionStatus& status)
 {
   if (args.size() != 4) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "sub-command JOIN requires three arguments (" << args.size() - 1
-          << " found).";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("sub-command JOIN requires three arguments (",
+                             args.size() - 1, " found)."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -596,11 +589,9 @@ protected:
       index = static_cast<int>(count) + index;
     }
     if (index < 0 || count <= static_cast<std::size_t>(index)) {
-      std::ostringstream str;
-      str << "sub-command TRANSFORM, selector " << this->Tag
-          << ", index: " << index << " out of range (-" << count << ", "
-          << count - 1 << ").";
-      throw transform_error(str.str());
+      throw transform_error(cmStrCat(
+        "sub-command TRANSFORM, selector ", this->Tag, ", index: ", index,
+        " out of range (-", count, ", ", count - 1, ")."));
     }
     return index;
   }
@@ -681,17 +672,14 @@ public:
     makefile->ClearMatches();
 
     if (!this->ReplaceHelper.IsRegularExpressionValid()) {
-      std::ostringstream error;
-      error
-        << "sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: Failed to compile regex \""
-        << arguments[0] << "\".";
-      throw transform_error(error.str());
+      throw transform_error(
+        cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: Failed to compile "
+                 "regex \"",
+                 arguments[0], "\"."));
     }
     if (!this->ReplaceHelper.IsReplaceExpressionValid()) {
-      std::ostringstream error;
-      error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: "
-            << this->ReplaceHelper.GetError() << ".";
-      throw transform_error(error.str());
+      throw transform_error(cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: ",
+                                     this->ReplaceHelper.GetError(), "."));
     }
   }
 
@@ -701,10 +689,8 @@ public:
     std::string output;
 
     if (!this->ReplaceHelper.Replace(input, output)) {
-      std::ostringstream error;
-      error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: "
-            << this->ReplaceHelper.GetError() << ".";
-      throw transform_error(error.str());
+      throw transform_error(cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, action REPLACE: ",
+                                     this->ReplaceHelper.GetError(), "."));
     }
 
     return output;
@@ -839,19 +825,17 @@ bool HandleTransformCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   auto descriptor = descriptors.find(args[index]);
 
   if (descriptor == descriptors.end()) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << " sub-command TRANSFORM, " << args[index] << " invalid action.";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat(" sub-command TRANSFORM, ", args[index], " invalid action."));
     return false;
   }
 
   // Action arguments
   index += 1;
   if (args.size() < index + descriptor->Arity) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, action " << descriptor->Name
-          << " expects " << descriptor->Arity << " argument(s).";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, action ",
+                             descriptor->Name, " expects ", descriptor->Arity,
+                             " argument(s)."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -881,10 +865,10 @@ bool HandleTransformCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   while (args.size() > index) {
     if ((args[index] == REGEX || args[index] == AT || args[index] == FOR) &&
         command.Selector) {
-      std::ostringstream error;
-      error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, selector already specified ("
-            << command.Selector->Tag << ").";
-      status.SetError(error.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, selector already specified (",
+                 command.Selector->Tag, ")."));
+
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -898,11 +882,10 @@ bool HandleTransformCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 
       command.Selector = cm::make_unique<TransformSelectorRegex>(args[index]);
       if (!command.Selector->Validate()) {
-        std::ostringstream error;
-        error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, selector REGEX failed to compile "
-                 "regex \"";
-        error << args[index] << "\".";
-        status.SetError(error.str());
+        status.SetError(
+          cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, selector REGEX failed to compile "
+                   "regex \"",
+                   args[index], "\"."));
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -1020,11 +1003,9 @@ bool HandleTransformCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       continue;
     }
 
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "sub-command TRANSFORM, '"
-          << cmJoin(cmMakeRange(args).advance(index), " ")
-          << "': unexpected argument(s).";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("sub-command TRANSFORM, '",
+                             cmJoin(cmMakeRange(args).advance(index), " "),
+                             "': unexpected argument(s)."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1261,10 +1242,8 @@ bool HandleSublistCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
                           cmExecutionStatus& status)
 {
   if (args.size() != 5) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "sub-command SUBLIST requires four arguments (" << args.size() - 1
-          << " found).";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("sub-command SUBLIST requires four arguments (",
+                             args.size() - 1, " found)."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1285,16 +1264,12 @@ bool HandleSublistCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   using size_type = decltype(varArgsExpanded)::size_type;
 
   if (start < 0 || size_type(start) >= varArgsExpanded.size()) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "begin index: " << start << " is out of range 0 - "
-          << varArgsExpanded.size() - 1;
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("begin index: ", start, " is out of range 0 - ",
+                             varArgsExpanded.size() - 1));
     return false;
   }
   if (length < -1) {
-    std::ostringstream error;
-    error << "length: " << length << " should be -1 or greater";
-    status.SetError(error.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("length: ", length, " should be -1 or greater"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1344,10 +1319,8 @@ bool HandleRemoveAtCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       item = static_cast<int>(nitem) + item;
     }
     if (item < 0 || nitem <= static_cast<size_t>(item)) {
-      std::ostringstream str;
-      str << "index: " << item << " out of range (-" << nitem << ", "
-          << nitem - 1 << ")";
-      status.SetError(str.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("index: ", item, " out of range (-", nitem,
+                               ", ", nitem - 1, ")"));
       return false;
     }
     removed.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(item));

Source/cmLoadCommandCommand.cxx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
-#include <sstream>
+
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cm_memory.hxx"
@@ -207,9 +207,8 @@ bool cmLoadCommandCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   // Try to find the program.
   std::string fullPath = cmSystemTools::FindFile(moduleName, path);
   if (fullPath.empty()) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "Attempt to load command failed from file \"" << moduleName << "\"";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("Attempt to load command failed from file \"",
+                             moduleName, "\""));
     return false;
   }
 

Source/cmOptionCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmOptionCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
@@ -74,13 +72,13 @@ bool cmOptionCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     const auto* existsAfterSet =
       status.GetMakefile().GetStateSnapshot().GetDefinition(args[0]);
     if (!existsAfterSet) {
-      std::ostringstream w;
-      w << cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0077)
-        << "\n"
-           "For compatibility with older versions of CMake, option "
-           "is clearing the normal variable '"
-        << args[0] << "'.";
-      status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, w.str());
+      status.GetMakefile().IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+        cmStrCat(cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0077),
+                 "\n"
+                 "For compatibility with older versions of CMake, option "
+                 "is clearing the normal variable '",
+                 args[0], "'."));
     }
   }
   return true;

Source/cmOrderDirectories.cxx

@@ -465,14 +465,14 @@ void cmOrderDirectories::FindImplicitConflicts()
   }
 
   // Warn about the conflicts.
-  std::ostringstream w;
-  w << "Cannot generate a safe " << this->Purpose << " for target "
-    << this->Target->GetName()
-    << " because files in some directories may conflict with "
-    << " libraries in implicit directories:\n"
-    << text << "Some of these libraries may not be found correctly.";
   this->GlobalGenerator->GetCMakeInstance()->IssueMessage(
-    MessageType::WARNING, w.str(), this->Target->GetBacktrace());
+    MessageType::WARNING,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot generate a safe ", this->Purpose, " for target ",
+             this->Target->GetName(),
+             " because files in some directories may "
+             "conflict with  libraries in implicit directories:\n",
+             text, "Some of these libraries may not be found correctly."),
+    this->Target->GetBacktrace());
 }
 
 void cmOrderDirectories::OrderDirectories()

Source/cmProjectCommand.cxx

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
@@ -320,10 +319,10 @@ bool cmProjectCommand::InitialPass(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       }
     }
     if (!vw.empty()) {
-      std::ostringstream w;
-      w << cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0048)
-        << "\nThe following variable(s) would be set to empty:" << vw;
-      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, w.str());
+      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+        cmStrCat(cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0048),
+                 "\nThe following variable(s) would be set to empty:", vw));
     }
   }
 

Source/cmSeparateArgumentsCommand.cxx

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 #include "cmSeparateArgumentsCommand.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
 
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmSystemTools.h"
 
 // cmSeparateArgumentsCommand
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ bool cmSeparateArgumentsCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       command = arg;
       doing = DoingNone;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given unknown argument " << arg;
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("given unknown argument ", arg));
       return false;
     }
   }

Source/cmSetPropertyCommand.cxx

@@ -100,11 +100,10 @@ bool cmSetPropertyCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   } else if (scopeName == "INSTALL") {
     scope = cmProperty::INSTALL;
   } else {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "given invalid scope " << scopeName << ".  "
-      << "Valid scopes are GLOBAL, DIRECTORY, "
-         "TARGET, SOURCE, TEST, CACHE, INSTALL.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("given invalid scope ", scopeName,
+                             ".  "
+                             "Valid scopes are GLOBAL, DIRECTORY, "
+                             "TARGET, SOURCE, TEST, CACHE, INSTALL."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -149,9 +148,7 @@ bool cmSetPropertyCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
       propertyValue += arg;
       remove = false;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given invalid argument \"" << arg << "\".";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("given invalid argument \"", arg, "\"."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -293,10 +290,8 @@ bool HandleTargetMode(cmExecutionStatus& status,
         return false;
       }
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "could not find TARGET " << name
-        << ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("could not find TARGET ", name,
+                               ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -340,9 +335,8 @@ bool HandleSourceMode(cmExecutionStatus& status,
         return false;
       }
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given SOURCE name that could not be found or created: " << name;
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+        "given SOURCE name that could not be found or created: ", name));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -428,26 +422,23 @@ bool HandleCacheMode(cmExecutionStatus& status,
 {
   if (propertyName == "ADVANCED") {
     if (!remove && !cmIsOn(propertyValue) && !cmIsOff(propertyValue)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given non-boolean value \"" << propertyValue
-        << R"(" for CACHE property "ADVANCED".  )";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("given non-boolean value \"", propertyValue,
+                               R"(" for CACHE property "ADVANCED".  )"));
       return false;
     }
   } else if (propertyName == "TYPE") {
     if (!cmState::IsCacheEntryType(propertyValue)) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given invalid CACHE entry TYPE \"" << propertyValue << "\"";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(
+        cmStrCat("given invalid CACHE entry TYPE \"", propertyValue, "\""));
       return false;
     }
   } else if (propertyName != "HELPSTRING" && propertyName != "STRINGS" &&
              propertyName != "VALUE") {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "given invalid CACHE property " << propertyName << ".  "
-      << "Settable CACHE properties are: "
-      << "ADVANCED, HELPSTRING, STRINGS, TYPE, and VALUE.";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("given invalid CACHE property ", propertyName,
+               ".  "
+               "Settable CACHE properties are: "
+               "ADVANCED, HELPSTRING, STRINGS, TYPE, and VALUE."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -462,10 +453,8 @@ bool HandleCacheMode(cmExecutionStatus& status,
         return false;
       }
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "could not find CACHE variable " << name
-        << ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created.";
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("could not find CACHE variable ", name,
+                               ".  Perhaps it has not yet been created."));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -511,9 +500,8 @@ bool HandleInstallMode(cmExecutionStatus& status,
         return false;
       }
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "given INSTALL name that could not be found or created: " << name;
-      status.SetError(e.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat(
+        "given INSTALL name that could not be found or created: ", name));
       return false;
     }
   }

Source/cmStringCommand.cxx

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
 
 #include "cm_static_string_view.hxx"
 
@@ -46,9 +45,8 @@ bool HandleHashCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
 {
 #if !defined(CMAKE_BOOTSTRAP)
   if (args.size() != 3) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << args[0] << " requires an output variable and an input string";
-    status.SetError(e.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat(args[0], " requires an output variable and an input string"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -60,9 +58,7 @@ bool HandleHashCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   }
   return false;
 #else
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << args[0] << " not available during bootstrap";
-  status.SetError(e.str().c_str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " not available during bootstrap"));
   return false;
 #endif
 }
@@ -148,9 +144,7 @@ bool HandleConfigureCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     } else if (args[i] == "ESCAPE_QUOTES") {
       escapeQuotes = true;
     } else {
-      std::ostringstream err;
-      err << "Unrecognized argument \"" << args[i] << "\"";
-      status.SetError(err.str());
+      status.SetError(cmStrCat("Unrecognized argument \"", args[i], "\""));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -377,9 +371,7 @@ bool HandleFindCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     pos = sstring.rfind(schar);
   }
   if (std::string::npos != pos) {
-    std::ostringstream s;
-    s << pos;
-    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(outvar, s.str());
+    status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(outvar, std::to_string(pos));
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -474,16 +466,12 @@ bool HandleSubstringCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   size_t stringLength = stringValue.size();
   int intStringLength = static_cast<int>(stringLength);
   if (begin < 0 || begin > intStringLength) {
-    std::ostringstream ostr;
-    ostr << "begin index: " << begin << " is out of range 0 - "
-         << stringLength;
-    status.SetError(ostr.str());
+    status.SetError(
+      cmStrCat("begin index: ", begin, " is out of range 0 - ", stringLength));
     return false;
   }
   if (end < -1) {
-    std::ostringstream ostr;
-    ostr << "end index: " << end << " should be -1 or greater";
-    status.SetError(ostr.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("end index: ", end, " should be -1 or greater"));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -915,9 +903,7 @@ bool HandleUuidCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
   status.GetMakefile().AddDefinition(outputVariable, uuid);
   return true;
 #else
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << args[0] << " not available during bootstrap";
-  status.SetError(e.str().c_str());
+  status.SetError(cmStrCat(args[0], " not available during bootstrap"));
   return false;
 #endif
 }

Source/cmTargetCompileDefinitionsCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmTargetCompileDefinitionsCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
 #include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
@@ -20,11 +18,10 @@ bool cmTargetCompileDefinitionsCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetCompileDefinitionsCommand::HandleMissingTarget(
   const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify compile definitions for target \"" << name
-    << "\" "
-       "which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify compile definitions for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetCompileDefinitionsCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetCompileFeaturesCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmTargetCompileFeaturesCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
 #include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
@@ -20,11 +18,10 @@ bool cmTargetCompileFeaturesCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetCompileFeaturesCommand::HandleMissingTarget(
   const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify compile features for target \"" << name
-    << "\" "
-       "which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify compile features for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetCompileFeaturesCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetCompileOptionsCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmTargetCompileOptionsCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmListFileCache.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
@@ -21,10 +19,10 @@ bool cmTargetCompileOptionsCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetCompileOptionsCommand::HandleMissingTarget(
   const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify compile options for target \"" << name
-    << "\" which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify compile options for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetCompileOptionsCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetIncludeDirectoriesCommand.cxx

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "cmTargetIncludeDirectoriesCommand.h"
 
 #include <set>
-#include <sstream>
 
 #include "cmGeneratorExpression.h"
 #include "cmListFileCache.h"
@@ -25,10 +24,10 @@ bool cmTargetIncludeDirectoriesCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetIncludeDirectoriesCommand::HandleMissingTarget(
   const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify include directories for target \"" << name
-    << "\" which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify include directories for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetIncludeDirectoriesCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetLinkDirectoriesCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmTargetLinkDirectoriesCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmGeneratorExpression.h"
 #include "cmListFileCache.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
@@ -23,10 +21,10 @@ bool cmTargetLinkDirectoriesCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetLinkDirectoriesCommand::HandleMissingTarget(
   const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify link directories for target \"" << name
-    << "\" which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify link directories for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetLinkDirectoriesCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand.cxx

@@ -256,10 +256,11 @@ bool cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::InitialPass(
 
   // Make sure the last argument was not a library type specifier.
   if (haveLLT) {
-    std::ostringstream e;
-    e << "The \"" << cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[llt]
-      << "\" argument must be followed by a library.";
-    this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+    this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+      cmStrCat("The \"",
+               cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[llt],
+               "\" argument must be followed by a library."));
     cmSystemTools::SetFatalErrorOccured();
   }
 
@@ -284,14 +285,14 @@ bool cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::InitialPass(
 void cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeSpecifierWarning(int left,
                                                                    int right)
 {
-  std::ostringstream w;
-  w << "Link library type specifier \""
-    << cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[left]
-    << "\" is followed by specifier \""
-    << cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[right]
-    << "\" instead of a library name.  "
-    << "The first specifier will be ignored.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, w.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+    cmStrCat(
+      "Link library type specifier \"",
+      cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[left],
+      "\" is followed by specifier \"",
+      cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::LinkLibraryTypeNames[right],
+      "\" instead of a library name.  The first specifier will be ignored."));
 }
 
 bool cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::HandleLibrary(const std::string& lib,
@@ -404,12 +405,13 @@ bool cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::HandleLibrary(const std::string& lib,
       this->CurrentProcessingState != ProcessingPlainLinkInterface) {
 
     if (rejectRemoteLinking) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "Attempt to add link library \"" << lib << "\" to target \""
-        << this->Target->GetName()
-        << "\" which is not built in this directory.\n"
-        << "This is allowed only when policy CMP0079 is set to NEW.";
-      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+        cmStrCat("Attempt to add link library \"", lib, "\" to target \"",
+                 this->Target->GetName(),
+                 "\" which is not built in this "
+                 "directory.\nThis is allowed only when policy CMP0079 "
+                 "is set to NEW."));
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -421,29 +423,31 @@ bool cmTargetLinkLibrariesCommand::HandleLibrary(const std::string& lib,
         (tgt->GetType() != cmStateEnums::OBJECT_LIBRARY) &&
         (tgt->GetType() != cmStateEnums::INTERFACE_LIBRARY) &&
         !tgt->IsExecutableWithExports()) {
-      std::ostringstream e;
-      e << "Target \"" << lib << "\" of type "
-        << cmState::GetTargetTypeName(tgt->GetType())
-        << " may not be linked into another target.  One may link only to "
-           "INTERFACE, OBJECT, STATIC or SHARED libraries, or to executables "
-           "with the ENABLE_EXPORTS property set.";
-      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+      this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+        MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+        cmStrCat(
+          "Target \"", lib, "\" of type ",
+          cmState::GetTargetTypeName(tgt->GetType()),
+          " may not be linked into another target. One may link only to "
+          "INTERFACE, OBJECT, STATIC or SHARED libraries, or to ",
+          "executables with the ENABLE_EXPORTS property set."));
     }
 
     this->Target->AddLinkLibrary(*this->Makefile, lib, libRef, llt);
   }
 
   if (warnRemoteInterface) {
-    std::ostringstream w;
-    /* clang-format off */
-    w << cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0079) << "\n"
-      "Target\n  " << this->Target->GetName() << "\nis not created in this "
-      "directory.  For compatibility with older versions of CMake, link "
-      "library\n  " << lib << "\nwill be looked up in the directory in "
-      "which the target was created rather than in this calling "
-      "directory.";
-    /* clang-format on */
-    this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING, w.str());
+    this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::AUTHOR_WARNING,
+      cmStrCat(
+        cmPolicies::GetPolicyWarning(cmPolicies::CMP0079), "\nTarget\n  ",
+        this->Target->GetName(),
+        "\nis not created in this "
+        "directory.  For compatibility with older versions of CMake, link "
+        "library\n  ",
+        lib,
+        "\nwill be looked up in the directory in which "
+        "the target was created rather than in this calling directory."));
   }
 
   // Handle (additional) case where the command was called with PRIVATE /

Source/cmTargetLinkOptionsCommand.cxx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmTargetLinkOptionsCommand.h"
 
-#include <sstream>
-
 #include "cmListFileCache.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
@@ -20,10 +18,10 @@ bool cmTargetLinkOptionsCommand::InitialPass(
 
 void cmTargetLinkOptionsCommand::HandleMissingTarget(const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify link options for target \"" << name
-    << "\" which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify link options for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetLinkOptionsCommand::Join(

Source/cmTargetSourcesCommand.cxx

@@ -30,11 +30,10 @@ void cmTargetSourcesCommand::HandleInterfaceContent(
 
 void cmTargetSourcesCommand::HandleMissingTarget(const std::string& name)
 {
-  std::ostringstream e;
-  e << "Cannot specify sources for target \"" << name
-    << "\" "
-       "which is not built by this project.";
-  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::FATAL_ERROR, e.str());
+  this->Makefile->IssueMessage(
+    MessageType::FATAL_ERROR,
+    cmStrCat("Cannot specify sources for target \"", name,
+             "\" which is not built by this project."));
 }
 
 std::string cmTargetSourcesCommand::Join(

Source/cmVariableWatchCommand.cxx

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 #include "cmVariableWatchCommand.h"
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cmExecutionStatus.h"
 #include "cmListFileCache.h"
 #include "cmMakefile.h"
 #include "cmMessageType.h"
+#include "cmStringAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmSystemTools.h"
 #include "cmVariableWatch.h"
 #include "cmake.h"
@@ -58,22 +58,20 @@ static void cmVariableWatchCommandVariableAccessed(const std::string& variable,
     newLFF.Line = 9999;
     cmExecutionStatus status(*makefile);
     if (!makefile->ExecuteCommand(newLFF, status)) {
-      std::ostringstream error;
-      error << "Error in cmake code at\nUnknown:0:\n"
-            << "A command failed during the invocation of callback \""
-            << data->Command << "\".";
-      cmSystemTools::Error(error.str());
+      cmSystemTools::Error(
+        cmStrCat("Error in cmake code at\nUnknown:0:\nA command failed "
+                 "during the invocation of callback \"",
+                 data->Command, "\"."));
       data->InCallback = false;
       return;
     }
     processed = true;
   }
   if (!processed) {
-    std::ostringstream msg;
-    msg << "Variable \"" << variable << "\" was accessed using "
-        << accessString << " with value \"" << (newValue ? newValue : "")
-        << "\".";
-    makefile->IssueMessage(MessageType::LOG, msg.str());
+    makefile->IssueMessage(
+      MessageType::LOG,
+      cmStrCat("Variable \"", variable, "\" was accessed using ", accessString,
+               " with value \"", (newValue ? newValue : ""), "\"."));
   }
 
   data->InCallback = false;
@@ -134,9 +132,7 @@ bool cmVariableWatchCommand(std::vector<std::string> const& args,
     command = args[1];
   }
   if (variable == "CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE") {
-    std::ostringstream ostr;
-    ostr << "cannot be set on the variable: " << variable;
-    status.SetError(ostr.str());
+    status.SetError(cmStrCat("cannot be set on the variable: ", variable));
     return false;
   }