cmCTestCurl: Avoid using undocumented type for CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE values
Since upstream curl commit `1a12663d06` (CURLOPT: bump `CURLPROXY_*`
enums to `long`, drop casts, 2025-07-28), the `CURLPROXY_*` constants
are integer literals instead of `enum curl_proxytype`. It turns out
that `curl_easy_setopt` has always expected a `long` anyway, and that
`curl_proxytype` is not documented for public use.
Fixes: #27178