CMake/Modules/BundleUtilities.cmake

# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD 3-Clause License.  See accompanying
# file LICENSE.rst or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.

#[=======================================================================[.rst:
BundleUtilities
---------------

This module provides utility commands for assembling standalone,
bundle-style applications with CMake, such as macOS ``.app`` bundles or
similar directory-based application bundles on other operating systems.

Load this module in a CMake installation with:

.. code-block:: cmake

  include(BundleUtilities)

.. note::

  Do not use this module at configure time (from ``CMakeLists.txt``).
  Instead, include it and invoke its commands from an :command:`install(CODE)`
  or :command:`install(SCRIPT)`.

Commands
^^^^^^^^

This module provides the following commands:

* :command:`fixup_bundle`
* :command:`copy_and_fixup_bundle`
* :command:`verify_app`
* :command:`get_bundle_main_executable`
* :command:`get_dotapp_dir`
* :command:`get_bundle_and_executable`
* :command:`get_bundle_all_executables`
* :command:`get_item_key`
* :command:`get_item_rpaths`
* :command:`clear_bundle_keys`
* :command:`set_bundle_key_values`
* :command:`get_bundle_keys`
* :command:`copy_resolved_item_into_bundle`
* :command:`copy_resolved_framework_into_bundle`
* :command:`fixup_bundle_item`
* :command:`verify_bundle_prerequisites`
* :command:`verify_bundle_symlinks`

.. command:: fixup_bundle

  Prepares a bundle for distribution by fixing up its internal dependencies:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    fixup_bundle(<app> <libs> <dirs> [IGNORE_ITEM <files>...])

  This command modifies the ``<app>`` bundle in-place to make it
  self-contained and portable, so that it can be drag-n-drop copied to
  another machine and run there, assuming all of the system libraries are
  compatible.

  This command collects all dependencies (keys) for the executables and
  libraries in the bundle.  For each dependency, it copies the required
  files into the bundle and adjusts them according to their own
  prerequisites.  Once complete, it clears the collected keys and invokes
  the :command:`verify_app` command to ensure the final bundle is truly
  standalone.

  The arguments are:

  ``<app>``
    The path to the bundle to fix.  This can be an ``.app`` directory or
    direct path to an executable.

  ``<libs>``
    A list of libraries that must be fixed up, but that cannot be
    automatically determined by the ``otool`` output analysis  (i.e.
    ``plugins``).  If plugins are passed to this command as this parameter,
    they should be installed or copied into the bundle before calling this
    command.

  ``<dirs>``
    A list of paths where libraries might be found.  These paths are searched
    first when a target without any path info is given.  Then standard system
    locations are also searched: ``PATH``, Framework locations, ``/usr/lib``,
    etc.

  ``IGNORE_ITEM <files>...``
    .. versionadded:: 3.6

    Optional list of file names to ignore
    (e.g. ``IGNORE_ITEM "vcredist_x86.exe;vcredist_x64.exe"``).

.. command:: copy_and_fixup_bundle

  Copies the bundle and fixes up the new copied bundle in-place:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    copy_and_fixup_bundle(<src> <dst> <libs> <dirs>)

  This command makes a copy of the bundle ``<src>`` at location ``<dst>``
  and then fixes up the new copied bundle in-place at ``<dst>``.

  The arguments are:

  ``<src>``
    The directory of the bundle being copied.

  ``<dst>``
    The destination directory of the bundle copy.

  ``<libs>``
    A list of libraries that must be fixed up, but that cannot be
    automatically determined by the ``otool`` output analysis  (i.e.
    ``plugins``).  If plugins are passed to this command as this parameter,
    they should be installed or copied into the bundle before calling this
    command.

  ``<dirs>``
    A list of paths where libraries might be found.  These paths are searched
    first when a target without any path info is given.  Then standard system
    locations are also searched: ``PATH``, Framework locations, ``/usr/lib``,
    etc.

.. command:: verify_app

  Verifies that an application bundle appears valid based on running analysis
  tools on it:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    verify_app(<app> [IGNORE_ITEM <files>...])

  If the application fails verification, a :command:`message(FATAL_ERROR)`
  is issued, halting the installation process.

  The arguments are:

  ``<app>``
    The path to the application to verify.  This can be a ``.app`` directory
    or a standalone executable.

  ``IGNORE_ITEM <files>...``
    .. versionadded:: 3.6

    Optional list of file names to ignore
    (e.g. ``IGNORE_ITEM "vcredist_x86.exe;vcredist_x64.exe"``).

.. command:: get_bundle_main_executable

  Retrieves the main executable within a given application bundle:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_bundle_main_executable(<bundle> <result-var>)

  The result is stored in a ``<result-var>`` variable and will contain a
  full path name of the bundle's main executable file, or an ``error:``
  prefixed string if it could not be determined.

.. command:: get_dotapp_dir

  Locates the enclosing ``.app`` directory for the given executable:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_dotapp_dir(<exe> <dotapp-dir-var>)

  This command retrieves the nearest parent dir whose name ends with ``.app``
  given the full path to an executable and stores it to the
  ``<dotapp-dir-var>`` variable.  If there is no such parent dir, then it
  simply retrieves the directory containing the executable.

  The retrieved directory may or may not exist.

.. command:: get_bundle_and_executable

  Takes either a ``.app`` directory name or the name of an executable
  nested inside a ``.app`` directory and retrieves the path to the ``.app``
  directory and the path to its main executable:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_bundle_and_executable(<app> <bundle-var> <executable-var> <valid-var>)

  The arguments are:

  ``<app>``
    The name of the application being processed.

  ``<bundle-var>``
    Variable name in which to store the resulting path to the ``.app``
    directory.  In case of any error, this variable will contain an error
    message prefixed with string ``error:``.

  ``<executable-var>``
    Variable name in which to store the resulting main executable.  In case
    of any error, this variable will contain an error message prefixed with
    string ``error:``.

  ``<valid-var>``
    Variable name in which the boolean result is stored whether this command
    was successful or not.

.. command:: get_bundle_all_executables

  Gets all executables of a given bundle:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_bundle_all_executables(<bundle> <exes-var>)

  This command scans ``<bundle>`` bundle recursively for all executable
  files and stores them into a variable ``<exes-var>``.

.. command:: get_item_key

  Generates a unique key for the given item:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_item_key(<item> <key-var>)

  Given ``<item>`` file name, this command generates ``<key-var>`` key that
  should be unique considering the set of libraries that need copying or
  fixing up to make a bundle standalone.  This is essentially the file name
  including extension with ``.`` replaced by ``_``.

  This key is used as a prefix for CMake variables so that a set of
  variables can be associated with a given item based on its key.

.. command:: get_item_rpaths

  Gets RPATHS (run-time search paths) for the given item:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_item_rpaths(<item> <rpaths-var>)

  This command gets RPATHS of the ``<item>`` file name and stores them to
  the variable with provided name ``<rpaths-var>``.

.. command:: clear_bundle_keys

  Clears all variables associated with keys:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    clear_bundle_keys(<keys-var>)

  This command loops over the ``<keys-var>`` list of keys, clearing all the
  variables associated with each key.  After the loop, it clears the list of
  keys itself.  This command should be called after the
  :command:`get_bundle_keys` command, when done working with a list of keys.

.. command:: set_bundle_key_values

  Adds a key to the list of keys:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    set_bundle_key_values(
      <keys-var>
      <context>
      <item>
      <exepath>
      <dirs>
      <copyflag>
      [<rpaths>]
    )

  This command adds the ``<keys-var>`` key to the list (if necessary) for
  the given item.  If added, also set all the variables associated with
  that key.

  The arguments are:

  ``<keys-var>``
    Variable name holding the name of the key to be added to the list for
    the given item.

  ``<context>``
    The path to the top level loading path used for ``@loader_path``
    replacement on Apple operating systems.  When resolving item,
    ``@loader_path`` references will be resolved relative to the directory
    of the given context value (presumably another library).

  ``<item>``
    The item for which to add the key.

  ``<exepath>``
    The path to the top level executable used for ``@executable_path``
    replacement on Apple operating systems.

  ``<dirs>``
    A list of paths where libraries might be found.  These paths are searched
    first when a target without any path info is given.  Then standard system
    locations are also searched: ``PATH``, Framework locations, ``/usr/lib``,
    etc.

  ``<copyflag>``
    If set to ``1`` library symlink structure will be preserved.

  ``<rpaths>``
    Optional run-time search paths for an executable file or library to help
    find files.

.. command:: get_bundle_keys

  Gets bundle keys:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    get_bundle_keys(<app> <libs> <dirs> <keys-var> [IGNORE_ITEM <files>...])

  This command loops over all the executable and library files within
  ``<app>`` bundle (and given as extra ``<libs>``) and accumulate a list of
  keys representing them.  It sets values associated with each key such
  that they can be looped over all of them and copies prerequisite libs into
  the bundle and then does appropriate ``install_name_tool`` fixups.

  The arguments are:

  ``<app>``
    The path to the bundle to fix.  This can be an ``.app`` directory or
    direct path to an executable.

  ``<libs>``
    A list of libraries that must be fixed up, but that cannot be
    automatically determined by the ``otool`` output analysis  (i.e.
    ``plugins``).  If plugins are passed to this command as this parameter,
    they should be installed or copied into the bundle before calling this
    command.

  ``<dirs>``
    A list of paths where libraries might be found.  These paths are searched
    first when a target without any path info is given.  Then standard system
    locations are also searched: ``PATH``, Framework locations, ``/usr/lib``,
    etc.

  ``<keys-var>``
    Variable name holding a list of keys that represent all executable and
    library files within the bundle.

  ``IGNORE_ITEM <files>...``
    .. versionadded:: 3.6

    Optional list of file names to ignore
    (e.g. ``IGNORE_ITEM "vcredist_x86.exe;vcredist_x64.exe"``).

.. command:: copy_resolved_item_into_bundle

  Copies a resolved item into the bundle if necessary:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    copy_resolved_item_into_bundle(<resolved-item> <resolved-embedded-item>)

  Copy is not necessary, if the ``<resolved-item>`` is "the same as" the
  ``<resolved-embedded-item>``.

.. command:: copy_resolved_framework_into_bundle

  Copies a resolved framework into the bundle if necessary:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    copy_resolved_framework_into_bundle(<resolved-item> <resolved-embedded-item>)

  Copy is not necessary, if the ``<resolved-item>`` is "the same as" the
  ``<resolved-embedded-item>``.

  The following variables can be set before invoking this command:

  ``BU_COPY_FULL_FRAMEWORK_CONTENTS``
    By default, this variable is not set.  If full frameworks should be
    embedded in the bundles, set this variable to boolean true before calling
    the :command:`fixup_bundle` command.  By default, this command copies
    the framework dylib itself plus the framework ``Resources`` directory.

.. command:: fixup_bundle_item

  Fixes up bundle item:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    fixup_bundle_item(<resolved-embedded-item> <exepath> <dirs>)

  This command gets the direct/non-system prerequisites of the
  ``<resolved-embedded-item>`` and for each prerequisite, it changes the
  way it is referenced to the value of the ``_EMBEDDED_ITEM`` keyed variable
  for that prerequisite.  Most likely changing to an ``@executable_path``
  style reference.

  This command requires that the ``<resolved-embedded-item>`` be ``inside``
  the bundle already.  In other words, if plugins are passed to
  :command:`fixup_bundle` command as its ``<libs>`` parameter, they should
  be installed or copied into the bundle before calling the
  :command:`fixup_bundle` command.

  Also, it changes the id of the item being fixed up to its own
  ``_EMBEDDED_ITEM`` value.

  Changes are accumulated in a local variable and *one* call is made to
  ``install_name_tool`` command-line tool at the end of this command with
  all the changes at once.

  The arguments are:

  ``<resolved-embedded-item>``
    The bundle item to be fixed up.

  ``<exepath>``
    The path to the top level executable used for ``@executable_path``
    replacement on Apple operating systems.

  ``<dirs>``
    A list of paths where libraries might be found.  These paths are searched
    first when a target without any path info is given.  Then standard system
    locations are also searched: ``PATH``, Framework locations, ``/usr/lib``,
    etc.

  The following variables can be set before invoking this command:

  ``BU_CHMOD_BUNDLE_ITEMS``
    If this variable is set to boolean true value then bundle items will be
    marked writable before ``install_name_tool`` tool tries to change them.

.. command:: verify_bundle_prerequisites

  Verifies that the sum of all prerequisites of all files inside the
  bundle are contained within the bundle or are ``system`` libraries,
  presumed to exist everywhere:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    verify_bundle_prerequisites(
      <bundle>
      <result-var>
      <info-var>
      [IGNORE_ITEM <files>...]
    )

  The arguments are:

  ``<bundle>``
    Name of the bundle being verified.

  ``<result-var>``
    Name of the variable in which to store a boolean result of whether a
    verification was successful.

  ``<info-var>``
    Name of the variable holding any informational messages produced by the
    verification.

  ``IGNORE_ITEM <files>...``
    .. versionadded:: 3.6

    Optional list of file names to ignore
    (e.g. ``IGNORE_ITEM "vcredist_x86.exe;vcredist_x64.exe"``).

.. command:: verify_bundle_symlinks

  Verifies that any symlinks found in the specified bundle point to other
  files that are already also in the bundle:

  .. code-block:: cmake

    verify_bundle_symlinks(<bundle> <result-var> <info-var>)

  Anything that points to an external file causes this command to fail the
  verification.

  The arguments are:

  ``<bundle>``
    Name of the bundle being verified.

  ``<result-var>``
    Name of the variable in which to store a boolean result of whether a
    verification was successful.

  ``<info-var>``
    Name of the variable holding any informational messages produced by the
    verification.

Examples
^^^^^^^^

Using this module inside the installation code that is executed at the
installation phase:

.. code-block:: cmake
  :caption: ``CMakeLists.txt``

  # ...

  install(CODE "
    include(BundleUtilities)
    set(BU_CHMOD_BUNDLE_ITEMS TRUE)
    fixup_bundle(
      \"${fixup_exe}\"
      \"${plugins}\"
      \"${bin_dir};${library_dir};${binary_dir}\"
    )
  ")
#]=======================================================================]

function(_warn_cmp0080)
  cmake_policy(GET_WARNING CMP0080 _cmp0080_warning)
  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "${_cmp0080_warning}\n")
endfunction()

# Do not include this module at configure time!
if(DEFINED CMAKE_GENERATOR)
  cmake_policy(GET CMP0080 _BundleUtilities_CMP0080)
  if(_BundleUtilities_CMP0080 STREQUAL "NEW")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "BundleUtilities cannot be included at configure time!")
  elseif(NOT _BundleUtilities_CMP0080 STREQUAL "OLD" AND NOT _CMP0080_SUPPRESS_WARNING)
    _warn_cmp0080()
  endif()
endif()

# The functions defined in this file depend on the get_prerequisites function
# (and possibly others) found in:
#
include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/GetPrerequisites.cmake")


function(get_bundle_main_executable bundle result_var)
  set(result "error: '${bundle}/Contents/Info.plist' file does not exist")

  if(EXISTS "${bundle}/Contents/Info.plist")
    set(result "error: no CFBundleExecutable in '${bundle}/Contents/Info.plist' file")
    set(line_is_main_executable 0)
    set(bundle_executable "")

    # Read Info.plist as a list of lines:
    #
    set(eol_char "E")
    file(READ "${bundle}/Contents/Info.plist" info_plist)
    string(REPLACE ";" "\\;" info_plist "${info_plist}")
    string(REPLACE "\n" "${eol_char};" info_plist "${info_plist}")
    string(REPLACE "\r" "${eol_char};" info_plist "${info_plist}")

    # Scan the lines for "<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>" - the line after that
    # is the name of the main executable.
    #
    foreach(line ${info_plist})
      if(line_is_main_executable)
        string(REGEX REPLACE "^.*<string>(.*)</string>.*$" "\\1" bundle_executable "${line}")
        break()
      endif()

      if(line MATCHES "<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>")
        set(line_is_main_executable 1)
      endif()
    endforeach()

    if(NOT bundle_executable STREQUAL "")
      if(EXISTS "${bundle}/Contents/MacOS/${bundle_executable}")
        set(result "${bundle}/Contents/MacOS/${bundle_executable}")
      else()

        # Ultimate goal:
        # If not in "Contents/MacOS" then scan the bundle for matching files. If
        # there is only one executable file that matches, then use it, otherwise
        # it's an error...
        #
        #file(GLOB_RECURSE file_list "${bundle}/${bundle_executable}")

        # But for now, pragmatically, it's an error. Expect the main executable
        # for the bundle to be in Contents/MacOS, it's an error if it's not:
        #
        set(result "error: '${bundle}/Contents/MacOS/${bundle_executable}' does not exist")
      endif()
    endif()
  else()
    #
    # More inclusive technique... (This one would work on Windows and Linux
    # too, if a developer followed the typical Mac bundle naming convention...)
    #
    # If there is no Info.plist file, try to find an executable with the same
    # base name as the .app directory:
    #
  endif()

  set(${result_var} "${result}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(get_dotapp_dir exe dotapp_dir_var)
  set(s "${exe}")

  if(s MATCHES "/.*\\.app/")
    # If there is a ".app" parent directory,
    # ascend until we hit it:
    #   (typical of a Mac bundle executable)
    #
    set(done 0)
    while(NOT ${done})
      get_filename_component(snamewe "${s}" NAME_WE)
      get_filename_component(sname "${s}" NAME)
      get_filename_component(sdir "${s}" PATH)
      set(s "${sdir}")
      if(sname MATCHES "\\.app$")
        set(done 1)
        set(dotapp_dir "${sdir}/${sname}")
      endif()
    endwhile()
  else()
    # Otherwise use a directory containing the exe
    #   (typical of a non-bundle executable on Mac, Windows or Linux)
    #
    is_file_executable("${s}" is_executable)
    if(is_executable)
      get_filename_component(sdir "${s}" PATH)
      set(dotapp_dir "${sdir}")
    else()
      set(dotapp_dir "${s}")
    endif()
  endif()


  set(${dotapp_dir_var} "${dotapp_dir}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(get_bundle_and_executable app bundle_var executable_var valid_var)
  set(valid 0)

  if(EXISTS "${app}")
    # Is it a directory ending in .app?
    if(IS_DIRECTORY "${app}")
      if(app MATCHES "\\.app$")
        get_bundle_main_executable("${app}" executable)
        if(EXISTS "${app}" AND EXISTS "${executable}")
          set(${bundle_var} "${app}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(${executable_var} "${executable}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(valid 1)
          #message(STATUS "info: handled .app directory case...")
        else()
          message(STATUS "warning: *NOT* handled - .app directory case...")
        endif()
      else()
        message(STATUS "warning: *NOT* handled - directory but not .app case...")
      endif()
    else()
      # Is it an executable file?
      is_file_executable("${app}" is_executable)
      if(is_executable)
        get_dotapp_dir("${app}" dotapp_dir)
        if(EXISTS "${dotapp_dir}")
          set(${bundle_var} "${dotapp_dir}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(${executable_var} "${app}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(valid 1)
          #message(STATUS "info: handled executable file in .app dir case...")
        else()
          get_filename_component(app_dir "${app}" PATH)
          set(${bundle_var} "${app_dir}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(${executable_var} "${app}" PARENT_SCOPE)
          set(valid 1)
          #message(STATUS "info: handled executable file in any dir case...")
        endif()
      else()
        message(STATUS "warning: *NOT* handled - not .app dir, not executable file...")
      endif()
    endif()
  else()
    message(STATUS "warning: *NOT* handled - directory/file does not exist...")
  endif()

  if(NOT valid)
    set(${bundle_var} "error: not a bundle" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${executable_var} "error: not a bundle" PARENT_SCOPE)
  endif()

  set(${valid_var} ${valid} PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(get_bundle_all_executables bundle exes_var)
  set(exes "")

  if(UNIX)
    find_program(find_cmd "find")
    mark_as_advanced(find_cmd)
  endif()

  # find command is much quicker than checking every file one by one on Unix
  # which can take long time for large bundles, and since anyway we expect
  # executable to have execute flag set we can narrow the list much quicker.
  if(find_cmd)
    execute_process(COMMAND "${find_cmd}" "${bundle}"
      -type f \( -perm -0100 -o -perm -0010 -o -perm -0001 \)
      OUTPUT_VARIABLE file_list
      OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
      )
    string(REPLACE "\n" ";" file_list "${file_list}")
  else()
    file(GLOB_RECURSE file_list "${bundle}/*")
  endif()

  foreach(f ${file_list})
    is_file_executable("${f}" is_executable)
    if(is_executable)
      set(exes ${exes} "${f}")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  set(${exes_var} "${exes}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(get_item_rpaths item rpaths_var)
  if(APPLE)
    find_program(otool_cmd "otool")
    mark_as_advanced(otool_cmd)
  endif()

  if(otool_cmd)
    execute_process(
      COMMAND "${otool_cmd}" -l "${item}"
      OUTPUT_VARIABLE load_cmds_ov
      RESULT_VARIABLE otool_rv
      ERROR_VARIABLE otool_ev
      )
    if(NOT otool_rv STREQUAL "0")
      message(FATAL_ERROR "otool -l failed: ${otool_rv}\n${otool_ev}")
    endif()
    string(REGEX REPLACE "[^\n]+cmd LC_RPATH\n[^\n]+\n[^\n]+path ([^\n]+) \\(offset[^\n]+\n" "rpath \\1\n" load_cmds_ov "${load_cmds_ov}")
    string(REGEX MATCHALL "rpath [^\n]+" load_cmds_ov "${load_cmds_ov}")
    string(REGEX REPLACE "rpath " "" load_cmds_ov "${load_cmds_ov}")
    if(load_cmds_ov)
      foreach(rpath ${load_cmds_ov})
        if(NOT rpath IN_LIST ${rpaths_var})
          list(APPEND ${rpaths_var} "${rpath}")
        endif()
      endforeach()
    endif()
  endif()

  if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
    file(READ_ELF ${item} RPATH rpath_var RUNPATH runpath_var CAPTURE_ERROR error_var)
    get_filename_component(item_dir ${item} DIRECTORY)
    foreach(rpath ${rpath_var} ${runpath_var})
      # Substitute $ORIGIN with the exepath and add to the found rpaths
      string(REPLACE "$ORIGIN" "${item_dir}" rpath "${rpath}")
      if(NOT rpath IN_LIST ${rpaths_var})
        list(APPEND ${rpaths_var} "${rpath}")
      endif()
    endforeach()
  endif()

  set(${rpaths_var} ${${rpaths_var}} PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(get_item_key item key_var)
  get_filename_component(item_name "${item}" NAME)
  if(WIN32)
    string(TOLOWER "${item_name}" item_name)
  endif()
  string(REPLACE "." "_" ${key_var} "${item_name}")
  set(${key_var} ${${key_var}} PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(clear_bundle_keys keys_var)
  foreach(key ${${keys_var}})
    set(${key}_ITEM PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_DEFAULT_EMBEDDED_PATH PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_EMBEDDED_ITEM PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_COPYFLAG PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RPATHS PARENT_SCOPE)
  endforeach()
  set(${keys_var} PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(set_bundle_key_values keys_var context item exepath dirs copyflag)
  if(ARGC GREATER 6)
    set(rpaths "${ARGV6}")
  else()
    set(rpaths "")
  endif()
  get_filename_component(item_name "${item}" NAME)

  get_item_key("${item}" key)

  list(LENGTH ${keys_var} length_before)
  if(NOT key IN_LIST ${keys_var})
    list(APPEND ${keys_var} "${key}")
  endif()
  list(LENGTH ${keys_var} length_after)

  if(NOT length_before EQUAL length_after)
    gp_resolve_item("${context}" "${item}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" resolved_item "${rpaths}")

    gp_item_default_embedded_path("${item}" default_embedded_path)

    get_item_rpaths("${resolved_item}" item_rpaths)

    if((NOT item MATCHES "\\.dylib$") AND (item MATCHES "[^/]+\\.framework/"))
      # For frameworks, construct the name under the embedded path from the
      # opening "${item_name}.framework/" to the closing "/${item_name}":
      #
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^.*(${item_name}.framework/.*/?${item_name}).*$" "${default_embedded_path}/\\1" embedded_item "${item}")
    else()
      # For other items, just use the same name as the original, but in the
      # embedded path:
      #
      set(embedded_item "${default_embedded_path}/${item_name}")
    endif()

    # Replace @executable_path and resolve ".." references:
    #
    string(REPLACE "@executable_path" "${exepath}" resolved_embedded_item "${embedded_item}")
    get_filename_component(resolved_embedded_item "${resolved_embedded_item}" ABSOLUTE)

    # *But* -- if we are not copying, then force resolved_embedded_item to be
    # the same as resolved_item. In the case of multiple executables in the
    # original bundle, using the default_embedded_path results in looking for
    # the resolved executable next to the main bundle executable. This is here
    # so that exes in the other sibling directories (like "bin") get fixed up
    # properly...
    #
    if(NOT copyflag)
      set(resolved_embedded_item "${resolved_item}")
    endif()

    set(${keys_var} ${${keys_var}} PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_ITEM "${item}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM "${resolved_item}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_DEFAULT_EMBEDDED_PATH "${default_embedded_path}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_EMBEDDED_ITEM "${embedded_item}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM "${resolved_embedded_item}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_COPYFLAG "${copyflag}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RPATHS "${item_rpaths}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    set(${key}_RDEP_RPATHS "${rpaths}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  else()
    #message("warning: item key '${key}' already in the list, subsequent references assumed identical to first")
  endif()
endfunction()


function(get_bundle_keys app libs dirs keys_var)
  set(${keys_var} PARENT_SCOPE)

  set(options)
  set(oneValueArgs)
  set(multiValueArgs IGNORE_ITEM)
  cmake_parse_arguments(CFG "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN} )

  get_bundle_and_executable("${app}" bundle executable valid)
  if(valid)
    # Always use the exepath of the main bundle executable for @executable_path
    # replacements:
    #
    get_filename_component(exepath "${executable}" PATH)

    # But do fixups on all executables in the bundle:
    #
    get_bundle_all_executables("${bundle}" exes)

    # Set keys for main executable first:
    #
    set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${executable}" "${executable}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 0)

    # Get rpaths specified by main executable:
    #
    get_item_key("${executable}" executable_key)
    set(main_rpaths "${${executable_key}_RPATHS}")

    # For each extra lib, accumulate a key as well and then also accumulate
    # any of its prerequisites. (Extra libs are typically dynamically loaded
    # plugins: libraries that are prerequisites for full runtime functionality
    # but that do not show up in otool -L output...)
    #
    foreach(lib ${libs})
      set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${lib}" "${lib}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 0 "${main_rpaths}")

      set(prereqs "")
      get_filename_component(prereq_filename ${lib} NAME)

      if(NOT prereq_filename IN_LIST CFG_IGNORE_ITEM)
        get_prerequisites("${lib}" prereqs 1 1 "${exepath}" "${dirs}" "${main_rpaths}")
        foreach(pr ${prereqs})
          set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${lib}" "${pr}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 1 "${main_rpaths}")
        endforeach()
      else()
        message(STATUS "Ignoring file: ${prereq_filename}")
      endif()
    endforeach()

    # For each executable found in the bundle, accumulate keys as we go.
    # The list of keys should be complete when all prerequisites of all
    # binaries in the bundle have been analyzed.
    #
    foreach(exe ${exes})
      # Main executable is scanned first above:
      #
      if(NOT exe STREQUAL executable)
        # Add the exe itself to the keys:
        #
        set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${exe}" "${exe}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 0 "${main_rpaths}")

        # Get rpaths specified by executable:
        #
        get_item_key("${exe}" exe_key)
        set(exe_rpaths "${main_rpaths}" "${${exe_key}_RPATHS}")
      else()
        set(exe_rpaths "${main_rpaths}")
      endif()

      # Add each prerequisite to the keys:
      #
      set(prereqs "")
      get_filename_component(prereq_filename ${exe} NAME)

      if(NOT prereq_filename IN_LIST CFG_IGNORE_ITEM)
        get_prerequisites("${exe}" prereqs 1 1 "${exepath}" "${dirs}" "${exe_rpaths}")
        foreach(pr ${prereqs})
          set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${exe}" "${pr}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 1 "${exe_rpaths}")
        endforeach()
      else()
        message(STATUS "Ignoring file: ${prereq_filename}")
      endif()
    endforeach()

    # preserve library symlink structure
    foreach(key ${${keys_var}})
      if("${${key}_COPYFLAG}" STREQUAL "1")
        if(IS_SYMLINK "${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}")
          get_filename_component(target "${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}" REALPATH)
          set_bundle_key_values(${keys_var} "${exe}" "${target}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}" 1 "${exe_rpaths}")
          get_item_key("${target}" targetkey)

          if(WIN32)
            # ignore case on Windows
            string(TOLOWER "${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}" resolved_item_compare)
            string(TOLOWER "${${targetkey}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}" resolved_embedded_item_compare)
          else()
            set(resolved_item_compare "${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}")
            set(resolved_embedded_item_compare "${${targetkey}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
          endif()
          get_filename_component(resolved_item_compare "${resolved_item_compare}" NAME)
          get_filename_component(resolved_embedded_item_compare "${resolved_embedded_item_compare}" NAME)

          if(NOT resolved_item_compare STREQUAL resolved_embedded_item_compare)
            set(${key}_COPYFLAG "2")
            set(${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM "${${targetkey}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
          endif()

        endif()
      endif()
    endforeach()
    # Propagate values to caller's scope:
    #
    set(${keys_var} ${${keys_var}} PARENT_SCOPE)
    foreach(key ${${keys_var}})
      set(${key}_ITEM "${${key}_ITEM}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM "${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_DEFAULT_EMBEDDED_PATH "${${key}_DEFAULT_EMBEDDED_PATH}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_EMBEDDED_ITEM "${${key}_EMBEDDED_ITEM}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM "${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_COPYFLAG "${${key}_COPYFLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_RPATHS "${${key}_RPATHS}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      set(${key}_RDEP_RPATHS "${${key}_RDEP_RPATHS}" PARENT_SCOPE)
    endforeach()
  endif()
endfunction()

function(link_resolved_item_into_bundle resolved_item resolved_embedded_item)
  if(WIN32)
    # ignore case on Windows
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_item}" resolved_item_compare)
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_embedded_item}" resolved_embedded_item_compare)
  else()
    set(resolved_item_compare "${resolved_item}")
    set(resolved_embedded_item_compare "${resolved_embedded_item}")
  endif()

  if(resolved_item_compare STREQUAL resolved_embedded_item_compare)
    message(STATUS "warning: resolved_item == resolved_embedded_item - not linking...")
  else()
    get_filename_component(target_dir "${resolved_embedded_item}" DIRECTORY)
    file(RELATIVE_PATH symlink_target "${target_dir}" "${resolved_item}")
    if (NOT EXISTS "${target_dir}")
      file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${target_dir}")
    endif()
    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink "${symlink_target}" "${resolved_embedded_item}")
  endif()
endfunction()

function(copy_resolved_item_into_bundle resolved_item resolved_embedded_item)
  if(WIN32)
    # ignore case on Windows
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_item}" resolved_item_compare)
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_embedded_item}" resolved_embedded_item_compare)
  else()
    set(resolved_item_compare "${resolved_item}")
    set(resolved_embedded_item_compare "${resolved_embedded_item}")
  endif()

  if(resolved_item_compare STREQUAL resolved_embedded_item_compare)
    message(STATUS "warning: resolved_item == resolved_embedded_item - not copying...")
  else()
    #message(STATUS "copying COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${resolved_item} ${resolved_embedded_item}")
    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy "${resolved_item}" "${resolved_embedded_item}")
    if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
      file(RPATH_REMOVE FILE "${resolved_embedded_item}")
    endif()
  endif()

endfunction()


function(copy_resolved_framework_into_bundle resolved_item resolved_embedded_item)
  if(WIN32)
    # ignore case on Windows
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_item}" resolved_item_compare)
    string(TOLOWER "${resolved_embedded_item}" resolved_embedded_item_compare)
  else()
    set(resolved_item_compare "${resolved_item}")
    set(resolved_embedded_item_compare "${resolved_embedded_item}")
  endif()

  if(resolved_item_compare STREQUAL resolved_embedded_item_compare)
    message(STATUS "warning: resolved_item == resolved_embedded_item - not copying...")
  else()
    if(BU_COPY_FULL_FRAMEWORK_CONTENTS)
      # Full Framework (everything):
      get_filename_component(resolved_dir "${resolved_item}" PATH)
      get_filename_component(resolved_dir "${resolved_dir}/../.." ABSOLUTE)
      get_filename_component(resolved_embedded_dir "${resolved_embedded_item}" PATH)
      get_filename_component(resolved_embedded_dir "${resolved_embedded_dir}/../.." ABSOLUTE)
      #message(STATUS "copying COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory '${resolved_dir}' '${resolved_embedded_dir}'")
      execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory "${resolved_dir}" "${resolved_embedded_dir}")
    else()
      # Framework lib itself:
      #message(STATUS "copying COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${resolved_item} ${resolved_embedded_item}")
      execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy "${resolved_item}" "${resolved_embedded_item}")

      # Plus Resources, if they exist:
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+$" "\\1/Resources" resolved_resources "${resolved_item}")
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+$" "\\1/Resources" resolved_embedded_resources "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      if(EXISTS "${resolved_resources}")
        #message(STATUS "copying COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory '${resolved_resources}' '${resolved_embedded_resources}'")
        execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory "${resolved_resources}" "${resolved_embedded_resources}")
      endif()

      # Some frameworks e.g. Qt put Info.plist in wrong place, so when it is
      # missing in resources, copy it from other well known incorrect locations:
      if(NOT EXISTS "${resolved_resources}/Info.plist")
        # Check for Contents/Info.plist in framework root (older Qt SDK):
        string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+$" "\\1/Contents/Info.plist" resolved_info_plist "${resolved_item}")
        string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+$" "\\1/Resources/Info.plist" resolved_embedded_info_plist "${resolved_embedded_item}")
        if(EXISTS "${resolved_info_plist}")
          #message(STATUS "copying COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory '${resolved_info_plist}' '${resolved_embedded_info_plist}'")
          execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy "${resolved_info_plist}" "${resolved_embedded_info_plist}")
        endif()
      endif()

      # Check if framework is versioned and fix it layout
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^.*/([^/]+)/[^/]+$" "\\1" resolved_embedded_version "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+/[^/]+$" "\\1" resolved_embedded_versions "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      string(REGEX REPLACE "^.*/([^/]+)/[^/]+/[^/]+$" "\\1" resolved_embedded_versions_basename "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      if(resolved_embedded_versions_basename STREQUAL "Versions")
        # Ensure Current symlink points to the framework version
        if(NOT EXISTS "${resolved_embedded_versions}/Current")
          execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink "${resolved_embedded_version}" "${resolved_embedded_versions}/Current")
        endif()
        # Restore symlinks in framework root pointing to current framework
        # binary and resources:
        string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.*)/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+$" "\\1" resolved_embedded_root "${resolved_embedded_item}")
        string(REGEX REPLACE "^.*/([^/]+)$" "\\1" resolved_embedded_item_basename "${resolved_embedded_item}")
        if(NOT EXISTS "${resolved_embedded_root}/${resolved_embedded_item_basename}")
          execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink "Versions/Current/${resolved_embedded_item_basename}" "${resolved_embedded_root}/${resolved_embedded_item_basename}")
        endif()
        if(NOT EXISTS "${resolved_embedded_root}/Resources")
          execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink "Versions/Current/Resources" "${resolved_embedded_root}/Resources")
        endif()
      endif()
    endif()
    if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
      file(RPATH_REMOVE FILE "${resolved_embedded_item}")
    endif()
  endif()

endfunction()


function(fixup_bundle_item resolved_embedded_item exepath dirs)
  # This item's key is "ikey":
  #
  get_item_key("${resolved_embedded_item}" ikey)

  # Ensure the item is "inside the .app bundle" -- it should not be fixed up if
  # it is not in the .app bundle... Otherwise, we'll modify files in the build
  # tree, or in other varied locations around the file system, with our call to
  # install_name_tool. Make sure that doesn't happen here:
  #
  get_dotapp_dir("${exepath}" exe_dotapp_dir)
  string(LENGTH "${exe_dotapp_dir}/" exe_dotapp_dir_length)
  string(LENGTH "${resolved_embedded_item}" resolved_embedded_item_length)
  set(path_too_short 0)
  set(is_embedded 0)
  if(resolved_embedded_item_length LESS exe_dotapp_dir_length)
    set(path_too_short 1)
  endif()
  if(NOT path_too_short)
    string(SUBSTRING "${resolved_embedded_item}" 0 ${exe_dotapp_dir_length} item_substring)
    if("${exe_dotapp_dir}/" STREQUAL item_substring)
      set(is_embedded 1)
    endif()
  endif()
  if(NOT is_embedded)
    message("  exe_dotapp_dir/='${exe_dotapp_dir}/'")
    message("  item_substring='${item_substring}'")
    message("  resolved_embedded_item='${resolved_embedded_item}'")
    message("")
    message("Install or copy the item into the bundle before calling fixup_bundle.")
    message("Or maybe there's a typo or incorrect path in one of the args to fixup_bundle?")
    message("")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "cannot fixup an item that is not in the bundle...")
  endif()

  set(rpaths "${${ikey}_RPATHS}" "${${ikey}_RDEP_RPATHS}")

  set(prereqs "")
  get_prerequisites("${resolved_embedded_item}" prereqs 1 0 "${exepath}" "${dirs}" "${rpaths}")

  set(changes "")

  foreach(pr ${prereqs})
    # Each referenced item's key is "rkey" in the loop:
    #
    get_item_key("${pr}" rkey)

    if(NOT "${${rkey}_EMBEDDED_ITEM}" STREQUAL "")
      set(changes ${changes} "-change" "${pr}" "${${rkey}_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
    else()
      message("warning: unexpected reference to '${pr}'")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  # CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_TOOL may not be set if executed in script mode
  # Duplicated from CMakeFindBinUtils.cmake
  find_program(CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_TOOL NAMES install_name_tool HINTS ${_CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_LOCATION})

  # Only if install_name_tool supports -delete_rpath:
  #
  execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_TOOL}
    OUTPUT_VARIABLE install_name_tool_usage
    ERROR_VARIABLE  install_name_tool_usage
    )
  if(install_name_tool_usage MATCHES ".*-delete_rpath.*")
    foreach(rpath ${${ikey}_RPATHS})
      set(changes ${changes} -delete_rpath "${rpath}")
    endforeach()
  endif()

  if(${ikey}_EMBEDDED_ITEM)
    set(changes ${changes} -id "${${ikey}_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
  endif()

  # Change this item's id and all of its references in one call
  # to install_name_tool:
  #
  if(changes)
    # Check for a script by extension (.bat,.sh,...) or if the file starts with "#!" (shebang)
    file(READ ${resolved_embedded_item} file_contents LIMIT 5)
    if(NOT "${resolved_embedded_item}" MATCHES "\\.(bat|c?sh|bash|ksh|cmd)$" AND
       NOT file_contents MATCHES "^#!")
      set(cmd ${CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_TOOL} ${changes} "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      if(BU_CHMOD_BUNDLE_ITEMS)
        execute_process(COMMAND chmod u+w "${resolved_embedded_item}")
      endif()
      execute_process(COMMAND ${cmd} RESULT_VARIABLE install_name_tool_result)
      if(NOT install_name_tool_result EQUAL 0)
        string(REPLACE ";" "' '" msg "'${cmd}'")
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Command failed:\n ${msg}")
      endif()
    endif()
  endif()
endfunction()


function(fixup_bundle app libs dirs)
  message(STATUS "fixup_bundle")
  message(STATUS "  app='${app}'")
  message(STATUS "  libs='${libs}'")
  message(STATUS "  dirs='${dirs}'")

  set(options)
  set(oneValueArgs)
  set(multiValueArgs IGNORE_ITEM)
  cmake_parse_arguments(CFG "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN} )

  message(STATUS "  ignoreItems='${CFG_IGNORE_ITEM}'")

  get_bundle_and_executable("${app}" bundle executable valid)
  if(valid)
    get_filename_component(exepath "${executable}" PATH)

    message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: preparing...")
    get_bundle_keys("${app}" "${libs}" "${dirs}" keys IGNORE_ITEM "${CFG_IGNORE_ITEM}")

    message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: copying...")
    list(LENGTH keys n)
    math(EXPR n ${n}*2)

    set(i 0)
    foreach(key ${keys})
      math(EXPR i ${i}+1)
      if("${${key}_COPYFLAG}" STREQUAL "2")
        message(STATUS "${i}/${n}: linking '${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}' -> '${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}'")
      elseif(${${key}_COPYFLAG})
        message(STATUS "${i}/${n}: copying '${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}'")
      else()
        message(STATUS "${i}/${n}: *NOT* copying '${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}'")
      endif()

      set(show_status 0)
      if(show_status)
        message(STATUS "key='${key}'")
        message(STATUS "item='${${key}_ITEM}'")
        message(STATUS "resolved_item='${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}'")
        message(STATUS "default_embedded_path='${${key}_DEFAULT_EMBEDDED_PATH}'")
        message(STATUS "embedded_item='${${key}_EMBEDDED_ITEM}'")
        message(STATUS "resolved_embedded_item='${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}'")
        message(STATUS "copyflag='${${key}_COPYFLAG}'")
        message(STATUS "")
      endif()

      if("${${key}_COPYFLAG}" STREQUAL "2")
        link_resolved_item_into_bundle("${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}"
          "${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
      elseif(${${key}_COPYFLAG})
        set(item "${${key}_ITEM}")
        if(item MATCHES "[^/]+\\.framework/")
          copy_resolved_framework_into_bundle("${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}"
            "${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
        else()
          copy_resolved_item_into_bundle("${${key}_RESOLVED_ITEM}"
            "${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}")
        endif()
      endif()
    endforeach()

    message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: fixing...")
    foreach(key ${keys})
      math(EXPR i ${i}+1)
      if(APPLE)
        message(STATUS "${i}/${n}: fixing up '${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}'")
        if(NOT "${${key}_COPYFLAG}" STREQUAL "2")
          fixup_bundle_item("${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}" "${exepath}" "${dirs}")
        endif()
      else()
        message(STATUS "${i}/${n}: fix-up not required on this platform '${${key}_RESOLVED_EMBEDDED_ITEM}'")
      endif()
    endforeach()

    message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: cleaning up...")
    clear_bundle_keys(keys)

    message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: verifying...")
    verify_app("${app}" IGNORE_ITEM "${CFG_IGNORE_ITEM}")
  else()
    message(SEND_ERROR "error: fixup_bundle: not a valid bundle")
  endif()

  message(STATUS "fixup_bundle: done")
endfunction()


function(copy_and_fixup_bundle src dst libs dirs)
  execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory "${src}" "${dst}")
  fixup_bundle("${dst}" "${libs}" "${dirs}")
endfunction()


function(verify_bundle_prerequisites bundle result_var info_var)
  set(result 1)
  set(info "")
  set(count 0)

  set(options)
  set(oneValueArgs)
  set(multiValueArgs IGNORE_ITEM)
  cmake_parse_arguments(CFG "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN} )

  get_bundle_main_executable("${bundle}" main_bundle_exe)

  get_bundle_all_executables("${bundle}" file_list)
  foreach(f ${file_list})
      get_filename_component(exepath "${f}" PATH)
      math(EXPR count "${count} + 1")

      message(STATUS "executable file ${count}: ${f}")

      set(prereqs "")
      get_filename_component(prereq_filename ${f} NAME)

      if(NOT prereq_filename IN_LIST CFG_IGNORE_ITEM)
        get_item_rpaths(${f} _main_exe_rpaths)
        get_prerequisites("${f}" prereqs 1 1 "${exepath}" "${_main_exe_rpaths}")

        # On the Mac,
        # "embedded" and "system" prerequisites are fine... anything else means
        # the bundle's prerequisites are not verified (i.e., the bundle is not
        # really "standalone")
        #
        # On Windows (and others? Linux/Unix/...?)
        # "local" and "system" prereqs are fine...
        #

        set(external_prereqs "")

        foreach(p ${prereqs})
          set(p_type "")
          gp_file_type("${f}" "${p}" p_type)

          if(APPLE)
            if(NOT p_type STREQUAL "embedded" AND NOT p_type STREQUAL "system")
              set(external_prereqs ${external_prereqs} "${p}")
            endif()
          else()
            if(NOT p_type STREQUAL "local" AND NOT p_type STREQUAL "system")
              set(external_prereqs ${external_prereqs} "${p}")
            endif()
          endif()
        endforeach()

        if(external_prereqs)
          # Found non-system/somehow-unacceptable prerequisites:
          set(result 0)
          set(info ${info} "external prerequisites found:\nf='${f}'\nexternal_prereqs='${external_prereqs}'\n")
        endif()
      else()
        message(STATUS "Ignoring file: ${prereq_filename}")
      endif()
  endforeach()

  if(result)
    set(info "Verified ${count} executable files in '${bundle}'")
  endif()

  set(${result_var} "${result}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set(${info_var} "${info}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(verify_bundle_symlinks bundle result_var info_var)
  set(result 1)
  set(info "")
  set(count 0)

  # TODO: implement this function for real...
  # Right now, it is just a stub that verifies unconditionally...

  set(${result_var} "${result}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set(${info_var} "${info}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()


function(verify_app app)
  set(verified 0)
  set(info "")

  set(options)
  set(oneValueArgs)
  set(multiValueArgs IGNORE_ITEM)
  cmake_parse_arguments(CFG "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN} )

  get_bundle_and_executable("${app}" bundle executable valid)

  message(STATUS "===========================================================================")
  message(STATUS "Analyzing app='${app}'")
  message(STATUS "bundle='${bundle}'")
  message(STATUS "executable='${executable}'")
  message(STATUS "valid='${valid}'")

  # Verify that the bundle does not have any "external" prerequisites:
  #
  verify_bundle_prerequisites("${bundle}" verified info IGNORE_ITEM "${CFG_IGNORE_ITEM}")
  message(STATUS "verified='${verified}'")
  message(STATUS "info='${info}'")
  message(STATUS "")

  if(verified)
    # Verify that the bundle does not have any symlinks to external files:
    #
    verify_bundle_symlinks("${bundle}" verified info)
    message(STATUS "verified='${verified}'")
    message(STATUS "info='${info}'")
    message(STATUS "")
  endif()

  if(NOT verified)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "error: verify_app failed")
  endif()
endfunction()