/*
 * Wslay - The WebSocket Library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011, 2012 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */
/*
 * WebSocket Echo Server
 * This is suitable for Autobahn server test.
 *
 * Dependency: nettle-dev
 *
 * To compile:
 * $ gcc -Wall -O2 -g -o fork-echoserv fork-echoserv.c -L../lib/.libs -I../lib/includes -lwslay -lnettle
 *
 * To run:
 * $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../lib/.libs
 * $ ./a.out 9000
 */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <nettle/base64.h>
#include <nettle/sha.h>
#include <wslay/wslay.h>

/*
 * Create server socket, listen on *service*.  This function returns
 * file descriptor of server socket if it succeeds, or returns -1.
 */
int create_listen_socket(const char *service)
{
  struct addrinfo hints, *res, *rp;
  int sfd = -1;
  int r;
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE | AI_ADDRCONFIG;
  r = getaddrinfo(0, service, &hints, &res);
  if(r != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(r));
    return -1;
  }
  for(rp = res; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
    int val = 1;
    sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
    if(sfd == -1) {
      continue;
    }
    if(setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &val,
                  (socklen_t)sizeof(val)) == -1) {
      continue;
    }
    if(bind(sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
      break;
    }
    close(sfd);
  }
  freeaddrinfo(res);
  if(listen(sfd, 16) == -1) {
    perror("listen");
    close(sfd);
    return -1;
  }
  return sfd;
}

/*
 * Makes file descriptor *fd* non-blocking mode.
 * This function returns 0, or returns -1.
 */
int make_non_block(int fd)
{
  int flags, r;
  while((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  if(flags == -1) {
    perror("fcntl");
    return -1;
  }
  while((r = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  if(r == -1) {
    perror("fcntl");
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Calculates SHA-1 hash of *src*. The size of *src* is *src_length* bytes.
 * *dst* must be at least SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE.
 */
void sha1(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t src_length)
{
  struct sha1_ctx ctx;
  sha1_init(&ctx);
  sha1_update(&ctx, src_length, src);
  sha1_digest(&ctx, SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE, dst);
}

/*
 * Base64-encode *src* and stores it in *dst*.
 * The size of *src* is *src_length*.
 * *dst* must be at least BASE64_ENCODE_RAW_LENGTH(src_length).
 */
void base64(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t src_length)
{
  struct base64_encode_ctx ctx;
  base64_encode_init(&ctx);
  base64_encode_raw(dst, src_length, src);
}

#define WS_GUID "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"

/*
 * Create Server's accept key in *dst*.
 * *client_key* is the value of |Sec-WebSocket-Key| header field in
 * client's handshake and it must be length of 24.
 * *dst* must be at least BASE64_ENCODE_RAW_LENGTH(20)+1.
 */
void create_accept_key(char *dst, const char *client_key)
{
  uint8_t sha1buf[20], key_src[60];
  memcpy(key_src, client_key, 24);
  memcpy(key_src+24, WS_GUID, 36);
  sha1(sha1buf, key_src, sizeof(key_src));
  base64((uint8_t*)dst, sha1buf, 20);
  dst[BASE64_ENCODE_RAW_LENGTH(20)] = '\0';
}

/* We parse HTTP header lines of the format
 *   \r\nfield_name: value1, value2, ... \r\n
 *
 * If the caller is looking for a specific value, we return a pointer to the
 * start of that value, else we simply return the start of values list.
 */
static char*
http_header_find_field_value(char *header, char *field_name, char *value)
{
  char *header_end,
       *field_start,
       *field_end,
       *next_crlf,
       *value_start;
  int field_name_len;

  /* Pointer to the last character in the header */
  header_end = header + strlen(header) - 1;

  field_name_len = strlen(field_name);

  field_start = header;

  do{
    field_start = strstr(field_start+1, field_name);

    field_end = field_start + field_name_len - 1;

    if(field_start != NULL
       && field_start - header >= 2
       && field_start[-2] == '\r'
       && field_start[-1] == '\n'
       && header_end - field_end >= 1
       && field_end[1] == ':')
    {
      break; /* Found the field */
    }
    else
    {
      continue; /* This is not the one; keep looking. */
    }
  } while(field_start != NULL);

  if(field_start == NULL)
    return NULL;

  /* Find the field terminator */
  next_crlf = strstr(field_start, "\r\n");

  /* A field is expected to end with \r\n */
  if(next_crlf == NULL)
    return NULL; /* Malformed HTTP header! */

  /* If not looking for a value, then return a pointer to the start of values string */
  if(value == NULL)
    return field_end+2;

  value_start = strstr(field_start, value);

  /* Value not found */
  if(value_start == NULL)
    return NULL;

  /* Found the value we're looking for */
  if(value_start > next_crlf)
    return NULL; /* ... but after the CRLF terminator of the field. */

  /* The value we found should be properly delineated from the other tokens */
  if(isalnum(value_start[-1]) || isalnum(value_start[strlen(value)]))
    return NULL;

  return value_start;
}

/*
 * Performs HTTP handshake. *fd* is the file descriptor of the
 * connection to the client. This function returns 0 if it succeeds,
 * or returns -1.
 */
int http_handshake(int fd)
{
  /*
   * Note: The implementation of HTTP handshake in this function is
   * written for just a example of how to use of wslay library and is
   * not meant to be used in production code.  In practice, you need
   * to do more strict verification of the client's handshake.
   */
  char header[16384], accept_key[29], *keyhdstart, *keyhdend, res_header[256];
  size_t header_length = 0, res_header_sent = 0, res_header_length;
  ssize_t r;
  while(1) {
    while((r = read(fd, header+header_length,
                    sizeof(header)-header_length)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    if(r == -1) {
      perror("read");
      return -1;
    } else if(r == 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "HTTP Handshake: Got EOF");
      return -1;
    } else {
      header_length += r;
      if(header_length >= 4 &&
         memcmp(header+header_length-4, "\r\n\r\n", 4) == 0) {
        break;
      } else if(header_length == sizeof(header)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "HTTP Handshake: Too large HTTP headers");
        return -1;
      }
    }
  }

  if(http_header_find_field_value(header, "Upgrade", "websocket") == NULL ||
     http_header_find_field_value(header, "Connection", "Upgrade") == NULL ||
     (keyhdstart = http_header_find_field_value(header, "Sec-WebSocket-Key", NULL)) == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "HTTP Handshake: Missing required header fields");
    return -1;
  }
  for(; *keyhdstart == ' '; ++keyhdstart);
  keyhdend = keyhdstart;
  for(; *keyhdend != '\r' && *keyhdend != ' '; ++keyhdend);
  if(keyhdend-keyhdstart != 24) {
    printf("%s\n", keyhdstart);
    fprintf(stderr, "HTTP Handshake: Invalid value in Sec-WebSocket-Key");
    return -1;
  }
  create_accept_key(accept_key, keyhdstart);
  snprintf(res_header, sizeof(res_header),
           "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"
           "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
           "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
           "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n"
           "\r\n", accept_key);
  res_header_length = strlen(res_header);
  while(res_header_sent < res_header_length) {
    while((r = write(fd, res_header+res_header_sent,
                     res_header_length-res_header_sent)) == -1 &&
          errno == EINTR);
    if(r == -1) {
      perror("write");
      return -1;
    } else {
      res_header_sent += r;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
 * This struct is passed as *user_data* in callback function.  The
 * *fd* member is the file descriptor of the connection to the client.
 */
struct Session {
  int fd;
};

ssize_t send_callback(wslay_event_context_ptr ctx,
                      const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int flags,
                      void *user_data)
{
  struct Session *session = (struct Session*)user_data;
  ssize_t r;
  int sflags = 0;
#ifdef MSG_MORE
  if(flags & WSLAY_MSG_MORE) {
    sflags |= MSG_MORE;
  }
#endif // MSG_MORE
  while((r = send(session->fd, data, len, sflags)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  if(r == -1) {
    if(errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
      wslay_event_set_error(ctx, WSLAY_ERR_WOULDBLOCK);
    } else {
      wslay_event_set_error(ctx, WSLAY_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE);
    }
  }
  return r;
}

ssize_t recv_callback(wslay_event_context_ptr ctx, uint8_t *buf, size_t len,
                      int flags, void *user_data)
{
  struct Session *session = (struct Session*)user_data;
  ssize_t r;
  while((r = recv(session->fd, buf, len, 0)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  if(r == -1) {
    if(errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
      wslay_event_set_error(ctx, WSLAY_ERR_WOULDBLOCK);
    } else {
      wslay_event_set_error(ctx, WSLAY_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE);
    }
  } else if(r == 0) {
    /* Unexpected EOF is also treated as an error */
    wslay_event_set_error(ctx, WSLAY_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE);
    r = -1;
  }
  return r;
}

void on_msg_recv_callback(wslay_event_context_ptr ctx,
                          const struct wslay_event_on_msg_recv_arg *arg,
                          void *user_data)
{
  /* Echo back non-control message */
  if(!wslay_is_ctrl_frame(arg->opcode)) {
    struct wslay_event_msg msgarg = {
      arg->opcode, arg->msg, arg->msg_length
    };
    wslay_event_queue_msg(ctx, &msgarg);
  }
}

/*
 * Communicate with the client. This function performs HTTP handshake
 * and WebSocket data transfer until close handshake is done or an
 * error occurs. *fd* is the file descriptor of the connection to the
 * client. This function returns 0 if it succeeds, or returns 0.
 */
int communicate(int fd)
{
  wslay_event_context_ptr ctx;
  struct wslay_event_callbacks callbacks = {
    recv_callback,
    send_callback,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    on_msg_recv_callback
  };
  struct Session session = { fd };
  int val = 1;
  struct pollfd event;
  int res = 0;

  if(http_handshake(fd) == -1) {
    return -1;
  }
  if(make_non_block(fd) == -1) {
    return -1;
  }
  if(setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &val, (socklen_t)sizeof(val))
     == -1) {
    perror("setsockopt: TCP_NODELAY");
    return -1;
  }
  memset(&event, 0, sizeof(struct pollfd));
  event.fd = fd;
  event.events = POLLIN;
  wslay_event_context_server_init(&ctx, &callbacks, &session);
  /*
   * Event loop: basically loop until both wslay_event_want_read(ctx)
   * and wslay_event_want_write(ctx) return 0.
   */
  while(wslay_event_want_read(ctx) || wslay_event_want_write(ctx)) {
    int r;
    while((r = poll(&event, 1, -1)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    if(r == -1) {
      perror("poll");
      res = -1;
      break;
    }
    if(((event.revents & POLLIN) && wslay_event_recv(ctx) != 0) ||
       ((event.revents & POLLOUT) && wslay_event_send(ctx) != 0) ||
       (event.revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL))) {
      /*
       * If either wslay_event_recv() or wslay_event_send() return
       * non-zero value, it means serious error which prevents wslay
       * library from processing further data, so WebSocket connection
       * must be closed.
       */
      res = -1;
      break;
    }
    event.events = 0;
    if(wslay_event_want_read(ctx)) {
      event.events |= POLLIN;
    }
    if(wslay_event_want_write(ctx)) {
      event.events |= POLLOUT;
    }
  }
  return res;
}

/*
 * Serves echo back service forever.  *sfd* is the file descriptor of
 * the server socket.  when the incoming connection from the client is
 * accepted, this function forks another process and the forked
 * process communicates with client. The parent process goes back to
 * the loop and can accept another client.
 */
void serve(int sfd)
{
  while(1) {
    int fd;
    while((fd = accept(sfd, NULL, NULL)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
    if(fd == -1) {
      perror("accept");
    } else {
      int r = fork();
      if(r == -1) {
        perror("fork");
        close(fd);
      } else if(r == 0) {
        int r = communicate(fd);
        shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
        close(fd);
        if(r == 0) {
          exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        } else {
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  struct sigaction act;
  int sfd;
  if(argc < 2) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s PORT\n", argv[0]);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  memset(&act, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
  act.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
  sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, NULL);

  sfd = create_listen_socket(argv[1]);
  if(sfd == -1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create server socket\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  printf("WebSocket echo server, listening on %s\n", argv[1]);
  serve(sfd);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
