docker-compose/compose/cli/main.py

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import contextlib
import functools
import json
import logging
import pipes
import re
import subprocess
import sys
from distutils.spawn import find_executable
from inspect import getdoc
from operator import attrgetter

from . import errors
from . import signals
from .. import __version__
from ..bundle import get_image_digests
from ..bundle import MissingDigests
from ..bundle import serialize_bundle
from ..config import ConfigurationError
from ..config import parse_environment
from ..config import resolve_build_args
from ..config.environment import Environment
from ..config.serialize import serialize_config
from ..config.types import VolumeSpec
from ..const import COMPOSEFILE_V2_2 as V2_2
from ..const import IS_WINDOWS_PLATFORM
from ..errors import StreamParseError
from ..progress_stream import StreamOutputError
from ..project import NoSuchService
from ..project import OneOffFilter
from ..project import ProjectError
from ..service import BuildAction
from ..service import BuildError
from ..service import ConvergenceStrategy
from ..service import ImageType
from ..service import NeedsBuildError
from ..service import OperationFailedError
from .command import get_config_from_options
from .command import project_from_options
from .docopt_command import DocoptDispatcher
from .docopt_command import get_handler
from .docopt_command import NoSuchCommand
from .errors import UserError
from .formatter import ConsoleWarningFormatter
from .formatter import Formatter
from .log_printer import build_log_presenters
from .log_printer import LogPrinter
from .utils import get_version_info
from .utils import human_readable_file_size
from .utils import yesno


if not IS_WINDOWS_PLATFORM:
    from dockerpty.pty import PseudoTerminal, RunOperation, ExecOperation

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)


def main():
    signals.ignore_sigpipe()
    try:
        command = dispatch()
        command()
    except (KeyboardInterrupt, signals.ShutdownException):
        log.error("Aborting.")
        sys.exit(1)
    except (UserError, NoSuchService, ConfigurationError,
            ProjectError, OperationFailedError) as e:
        log.error(e.msg)
        sys.exit(1)
    except BuildError as e:
        log.error("Service '%s' failed to build: %s" % (e.service.name, e.reason))
        sys.exit(1)
    except StreamOutputError as e:
        log.error(e)
        sys.exit(1)
    except NeedsBuildError as e:
        log.error("Service '%s' needs to be built, but --no-build was passed." % e.service.name)
        sys.exit(1)
    except NoSuchCommand as e:
        commands = "\n".join(parse_doc_section("commands:", getdoc(e.supercommand)))
        log.error("No such command: %s\n\n%s", e.command, commands)
        sys.exit(1)
    except (errors.ConnectionError, StreamParseError):
        sys.exit(1)


def dispatch():
    setup_logging()
    dispatcher = DocoptDispatcher(
        TopLevelCommand,
        {'options_first': True, 'version': get_version_info('compose')})

    options, handler, command_options = dispatcher.parse(sys.argv[1:])
    setup_console_handler(console_handler, options.get('--verbose'))
    return functools.partial(perform_command, options, handler, command_options)


def perform_command(options, handler, command_options):
    if options['COMMAND'] in ('help', 'version'):
        # Skip looking up the compose file.
        handler(command_options)
        return

    if options['COMMAND'] in ('config', 'bundle'):
        command = TopLevelCommand(None)
        handler(command, options, command_options)
        return

    project = project_from_options('.', options)
    command = TopLevelCommand(project)
    with errors.handle_connection_errors(project.client):
        handler(command, command_options)


def setup_logging():
    root_logger = logging.getLogger()
    root_logger.addHandler(console_handler)
    root_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    # Disable requests logging
    logging.getLogger("requests").propagate = False


def setup_console_handler(handler, verbose):
    if handler.stream.isatty():
        format_class = ConsoleWarningFormatter
    else:
        format_class = logging.Formatter

    if verbose:
        handler.setFormatter(format_class('%(name)s.%(funcName)s: %(message)s'))
        handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    else:
        handler.setFormatter(format_class())
        handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)


# stolen from docopt master
def parse_doc_section(name, source):
    pattern = re.compile('^([^\n]*' + name + '[^\n]*\n?(?:[ \t].*?(?:\n|$))*)',
                         re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE)
    return [s.strip() for s in pattern.findall(source)]


class TopLevelCommand(object):
    """Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

    Usage:
      docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
      docker-compose -h|--help

    Options:
      -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
      -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
      --verbose                   Show more output
      -v, --version               Print version and exit
      -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to

      --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
      --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
      --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
      --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
      --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified
                                  in the client certificate (for example if your docker host
                                  is an IP address)
      --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
                                  (default: the path of the compose file)

    Commands:
      build              Build or rebuild services
      bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
      config             Validate and view the compose file
      create             Create services
      down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
      events             Receive real time events from containers
      exec               Execute a command in a running container
      help               Get help on a command
      images             List images
      kill               Kill containers
      logs               View output from containers
      pause              Pause services
      port               Print the public port for a port binding
      ps                 List containers
      pull               Pull service images
      push               Push service images
      restart            Restart services
      rm                 Remove stopped containers
      run                Run a one-off command
      scale              Set number of containers for a service
      start              Start services
      stop               Stop services
      top                Display the running processes
      unpause            Unpause services
      up                 Create and start containers
      version            Show the Docker-Compose version information
    """

    def __init__(self, project, project_dir='.'):
        self.project = project
        self.project_dir = '.'

    def build(self, options):
        """
        Build or rebuild services.

        Services are built once and then tagged as `project_service`,
        e.g. `composetest_db`. If you change a service's `Dockerfile` or the
        contents of its build directory, you can run `docker-compose build` to rebuild it.

        Usage: build [options] [--build-arg key=val...] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --force-rm              Always remove intermediate containers.
            --no-cache              Do not use cache when building the image.
            --pull                  Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image.
            --build-arg key=val     Set build-time variables for one service.
        """
        service_names = options['SERVICE']
        build_args = options.get('--build-arg', None)
        if build_args:
            environment = Environment.from_env_file(self.project_dir)
            build_args = resolve_build_args(build_args, environment)

        if not service_names and build_args:
            raise UserError("Need service name for --build-arg option")

        self.project.build(
            service_names=service_names,
            no_cache=bool(options.get('--no-cache', False)),
            pull=bool(options.get('--pull', False)),
            force_rm=bool(options.get('--force-rm', False)),
            build_args=build_args)

    def bundle(self, config_options, options):
        """
        Generate a Distributed Application Bundle (DAB) from the Compose file.

        Images must have digests stored, which requires interaction with a
        Docker registry. If digests aren't stored for all images, you can fetch
        them with `docker-compose pull` or `docker-compose push`. To push images
        automatically when bundling, pass `--push-images`. Only services with
        a `build` option specified will have their images pushed.

        Usage: bundle [options]

        Options:
            --push-images              Automatically push images for any services
                                       which have a `build` option specified.

            -o, --output PATH          Path to write the bundle file to.
                                       Defaults to "<project name>.dab".
        """
        self.project = project_from_options('.', config_options)
        compose_config = get_config_from_options(self.project_dir, config_options)

        output = options["--output"]
        if not output:
            output = "{}.dab".format(self.project.name)

        image_digests = image_digests_for_project(self.project, options['--push-images'])

        with open(output, 'w') as f:
            f.write(serialize_bundle(compose_config, image_digests))

        log.info("Wrote bundle to {}".format(output))

    def config(self, config_options, options):
        """
        Validate and view the compose file.

        Usage: config [options]

        Options:
            --resolve-image-digests  Pin image tags to digests.
            -q, --quiet              Only validate the configuration, don't print
                                     anything.
            --services               Print the service names, one per line.
            --volumes                Print the volume names, one per line.

        """

        compose_config = get_config_from_options(self.project_dir, config_options)
        image_digests = None

        if options['--resolve-image-digests']:
            self.project = project_from_options('.', config_options)
            image_digests = image_digests_for_project(self.project)

        if options['--quiet']:
            return

        if options['--services']:
            print('\n'.join(service['name'] for service in compose_config.services))
            return

        if options['--volumes']:
            print('\n'.join(volume for volume in compose_config.volumes))
            return

        print(serialize_config(compose_config, image_digests))

    def create(self, options):
        """
        Creates containers for a service.

        Usage: create [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --force-recreate       Recreate containers even if their configuration and
                                   image haven't changed. Incompatible with --no-recreate.
            --no-recreate          If containers already exist, don't recreate them.
                                   Incompatible with --force-recreate.
            --no-build             Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
            --build                Build images before creating containers.
        """
        service_names = options['SERVICE']

        self.project.create(
            service_names=service_names,
            strategy=convergence_strategy_from_opts(options),
            do_build=build_action_from_opts(options),
        )

    def down(self, options):
        """
        Stops containers and removes containers, networks, volumes, and images
        created by `up`.

        By default, the only things removed are:

        - Containers for services defined in the Compose file
        - Networks defined in the `networks` section of the Compose file
        - The default network, if one is used

        Networks and volumes defined as `external` are never removed.

        Usage: down [options]

        Options:
            --rmi type          Remove images. Type must be one of:
                                'all': Remove all images used by any service.
                                'local': Remove only images that don't have a custom tag
                                set by the `image` field.
            -v, --volumes       Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes` section
                                of the Compose file and anonymous volumes
                                attached to containers.
            --remove-orphans    Remove containers for services not defined in the
                                Compose file
        """
        image_type = image_type_from_opt('--rmi', options['--rmi'])
        self.project.down(image_type, options['--volumes'], options['--remove-orphans'])

    def events(self, options):
        """
        Receive real time events from containers.

        Usage: events [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --json      Output events as a stream of json objects
        """
        def format_event(event):
            attributes = ["%s=%s" % item for item in event['attributes'].items()]
            return ("{time} {type} {action} {id} ({attrs})").format(
                attrs=", ".join(sorted(attributes)),
                **event)

        def json_format_event(event):
            event['time'] = event['time'].isoformat()
            event.pop('container')
            return json.dumps(event)

        for event in self.project.events():
            formatter = json_format_event if options['--json'] else format_event
            print(formatter(event))
            sys.stdout.flush()

    def exec_command(self, options):
        """
        Execute a command in a running container

        Usage: exec [options] SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]

        Options:
            -d                Detached mode: Run command in the background.
            --privileged      Give extended privileges to the process.
            --user USER       Run the command as this user.
            -T                Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose exec`
                              allocates a TTY.
            --index=index     index of the container if there are multiple
                              instances of a service [default: 1]
        """
        index = int(options.get('--index'))
        service = self.project.get_service(options['SERVICE'])
        detach = options['-d']

        try:
            container = service.get_container(number=index)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise UserError(str(e))
        command = [options['COMMAND']] + options['ARGS']
        tty = not options["-T"]

        if IS_WINDOWS_PLATFORM and not detach:
            args = ["exec"]

            if options["-d"]:
                args += ["--detach"]
            else:
                args += ["--interactive"]

            if not options["-T"]:
                args += ["--tty"]

            if options["--privileged"]:
                args += ["--privileged"]

            if options["--user"]:
                args += ["--user", options["--user"]]

            args += [container.id]
            args += command

            sys.exit(call_docker(args))

        create_exec_options = {
            "privileged": options["--privileged"],
            "user": options["--user"],
            "tty": tty,
            "stdin": tty,
        }

        exec_id = container.create_exec(command, **create_exec_options)

        if detach:
            container.start_exec(exec_id, tty=tty, stream=True)
            return

        signals.set_signal_handler_to_shutdown()
        try:
            operation = ExecOperation(
                self.project.client,
                exec_id,
                interactive=tty,
            )
            pty = PseudoTerminal(self.project.client, operation)
            pty.start()
        except signals.ShutdownException:
            log.info("received shutdown exception: closing")
        exit_code = self.project.client.exec_inspect(exec_id).get("ExitCode")
        sys.exit(exit_code)

    @classmethod
    def help(cls, options):
        """
        Get help on a command.

        Usage: help [COMMAND]
        """
        if options['COMMAND']:
            subject = get_handler(cls, options['COMMAND'])
        else:
            subject = cls

        print(getdoc(subject))

    def images(self, options):
        """
        List images used by the created containers.
        Usage: images [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
        -q     Only display IDs
        """
        containers = sorted(
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=True) +
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], one_off=OneOffFilter.only),
            key=attrgetter('name'))

        if options['-q']:
            for image in set(c.image for c in containers):
                print(image.split(':')[1])
        else:
            headers = [
                'Container',
                'Repository',
                'Tag',
                'Image Id',
                'Size'
            ]
            rows = []
            for container in containers:
                image_config = container.image_config
                repo_tags = image_config['RepoTags'][0].split(':')
                image_id = image_config['Id'].split(':')[1][:12]
                size = human_readable_file_size(image_config['Size'])
                rows.append([
                    container.name,
                    repo_tags[0],
                    repo_tags[1],
                    image_id,
                    size
                ])
            print(Formatter().table(headers, rows))

    def kill(self, options):
        """
        Force stop service containers.

        Usage: kill [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            -s SIGNAL         SIGNAL to send to the container.
                              Default signal is SIGKILL.
        """
        signal = options.get('-s', 'SIGKILL')

        self.project.kill(service_names=options['SERVICE'], signal=signal)

    def logs(self, options):
        """
        View output from containers.

        Usage: logs [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --no-color          Produce monochrome output.
            -f, --follow        Follow log output.
            -t, --timestamps    Show timestamps.
            --tail="all"        Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
                                for each container.
        """
        containers = self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=True)

        tail = options['--tail']
        if tail is not None:
            if tail.isdigit():
                tail = int(tail)
            elif tail != 'all':
                raise UserError("tail flag must be all or a number")
        log_args = {
            'follow': options['--follow'],
            'tail': tail,
            'timestamps': options['--timestamps']
        }
        print("Attaching to", list_containers(containers))
        log_printer_from_project(
            self.project,
            containers,
            options['--no-color'],
            log_args,
            event_stream=self.project.events(service_names=options['SERVICE'])).run()

    def pause(self, options):
        """
        Pause services.

        Usage: pause [SERVICE...]
        """
        containers = self.project.pause(service_names=options['SERVICE'])
        exit_if(not containers, 'No containers to pause', 1)

    def port(self, options):
        """
        Print the public port for a port binding.

        Usage: port [options] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT

        Options:
            --protocol=proto  tcp or udp [default: tcp]
            --index=index     index of the container if there are multiple
                              instances of a service [default: 1]
        """
        index = int(options.get('--index'))
        service = self.project.get_service(options['SERVICE'])
        try:
            container = service.get_container(number=index)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise UserError(str(e))
        print(container.get_local_port(
            options['PRIVATE_PORT'],
            protocol=options.get('--protocol') or 'tcp') or '')

    def ps(self, options):
        """
        List containers.

        Usage: ps [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            -q    Only display IDs
        """
        containers = sorted(
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=True) +
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], one_off=OneOffFilter.only),
            key=attrgetter('name'))

        if options['-q']:
            for container in containers:
                print(container.id)
        else:
            headers = [
                'Name',
                'Command',
                'State',
                'Ports',
            ]
            rows = []
            for container in containers:
                command = container.human_readable_command
                if len(command) > 30:
                    command = '%s ...' % command[:26]
                rows.append([
                    container.name,
                    command,
                    container.human_readable_state,
                    container.human_readable_ports,
                ])
            print(Formatter().table(headers, rows))

    def pull(self, options):
        """
        Pulls images for services.

        Usage: pull [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --ignore-pull-failures  Pull what it can and ignores images with pull failures.
            --parallel              Pull multiple images in parallel.
        """
        self.project.pull(
            service_names=options['SERVICE'],
            ignore_pull_failures=options.get('--ignore-pull-failures'),
            parallel_pull=options.get('--parallel')
        )

    def push(self, options):
        """
        Pushes images for services.

        Usage: push [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            --ignore-push-failures  Push what it can and ignores images with push failures.
        """
        self.project.push(
            service_names=options['SERVICE'],
            ignore_push_failures=options.get('--ignore-push-failures')
        )

    def rm(self, options):
        """
        Removes stopped service containers.

        By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You
        can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`.

        Any data which is not in a volume will be lost.

        Usage: rm [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            -f, --force   Don't ask to confirm removal
            -s, --stop    Stop the containers, if required, before removing
            -v            Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers
            -a, --all     Deprecated - no effect.
        """
        if options.get('--all'):
            log.warn(
                '--all flag is obsolete. This is now the default behavior '
                'of `docker-compose rm`'
            )
        one_off = OneOffFilter.include

        if options.get('--stop'):
            running_containers = self.project.containers(
                service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=False, one_off=one_off
            )
            self.project.stop(
                service_names=running_containers,
                one_off=one_off
            )

        all_containers = self.project.containers(
            service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=True, one_off=one_off
        )
        stopped_containers = [c for c in all_containers if not c.is_running]

        if len(stopped_containers) > 0:
            print("Going to remove", list_containers(stopped_containers))
            if options.get('--force') \
                    or yesno("Are you sure? [yN] ", default=False):
                self.project.remove_stopped(
                    service_names=options['SERVICE'],
                    v=options.get('-v', False),
                    one_off=one_off
                )
        else:
            print("No stopped containers")

    def run(self, options):
        """
        Run a one-off command on a service.

        For example:

            $ docker-compose run web python manage.py shell

        By default, linked services will be started, unless they are already
        running. If you do not want to start linked services, use
        `docker-compose run --no-deps SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]`.

        Usage: run [options] [-v VOLUME...] [-p PORT...] [-e KEY=VAL...] SERVICE [COMMAND] [ARGS...]

        Options:
            -d                    Detached mode: Run container in the background, print
                                  new container name.
            --name NAME           Assign a name to the container
            --entrypoint CMD      Override the entrypoint of the image.
            -e KEY=VAL            Set an environment variable (can be used multiple times)
            -u, --user=""         Run as specified username or uid
            --no-deps             Don't start linked services.
            --rm                  Remove container after run. Ignored in detached mode.
            -p, --publish=[]      Publish a container's port(s) to the host
            --service-ports       Run command with the service's ports enabled and mapped
                                  to the host.
            -v, --volume=[]       Bind mount a volume (default [])
            -T                    Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose run`
                                  allocates a TTY.
            -w, --workdir=""      Working directory inside the container
        """
        service = self.project.get_service(options['SERVICE'])
        detach = options['-d']

        if options['--publish'] and options['--service-ports']:
            raise UserError(
                'Service port mapping and manual port mapping '
                'can not be used together'
            )

        if options['COMMAND'] is not None:
            command = [options['COMMAND']] + options['ARGS']
        elif options['--entrypoint'] is not None:
            command = []
        else:
            command = service.options.get('command')

        container_options = build_container_options(options, detach, command)
        run_one_off_container(container_options, self.project, service, options)

    def scale(self, options):
        """
        Set number of containers to run for a service.

        Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.
        For example:

            $ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3

        Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]

        Options:
          -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
                                     (default: 10)
        """
        timeout = timeout_from_opts(options)

        if self.project.config_version == V2_2:
            raise UserError(
                'The scale command is incompatible with the v2.2 format. '
                'Use the up command with the --scale flag instead.'
            )

        for service_name, num in parse_scale_args(options['SERVICE=NUM']).items():
            self.project.get_service(service_name).scale(num, timeout=timeout)

    def start(self, options):
        """
        Start existing containers.

        Usage: start [SERVICE...]
        """
        containers = self.project.start(service_names=options['SERVICE'])
        exit_if(not containers, 'No containers to start', 1)

    def stop(self, options):
        """
        Stop running containers without removing them.

        They can be started again with `docker-compose start`.

        Usage: stop [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
          -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
                                     (default: 10)
        """
        timeout = timeout_from_opts(options)
        self.project.stop(service_names=options['SERVICE'], timeout=timeout)

    def restart(self, options):
        """
        Restart running containers.

        Usage: restart [options] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
          -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
                                     (default: 10)
        """
        timeout = timeout_from_opts(options)
        containers = self.project.restart(service_names=options['SERVICE'], timeout=timeout)
        exit_if(not containers, 'No containers to restart', 1)

    def top(self, options):
        """
        Display the running processes

        Usage: top [SERVICE...]

        """
        containers = sorted(
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=False) +
            self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], one_off=OneOffFilter.only),
            key=attrgetter('name')
        )

        for idx, container in enumerate(containers):
            if idx > 0:
                print()

            top_data = self.project.client.top(container.name)
            headers = top_data.get("Titles")
            rows = []

            for process in top_data.get("Processes", []):
                rows.append(process)

            print(container.name)
            print(Formatter().table(headers, rows))

    def unpause(self, options):
        """
        Unpause services.

        Usage: unpause [SERVICE...]
        """
        containers = self.project.unpause(service_names=options['SERVICE'])
        exit_if(not containers, 'No containers to unpause', 1)

    def up(self, options):
        """
        Builds, (re)creates, starts, and attaches to containers for a service.

        Unless they are already running, this command also starts any linked services.

        The `docker-compose up` command aggregates the output of each container. When
        the command exits, all containers are stopped. Running `docker-compose up -d`
        starts the containers in the background and leaves them running.

        If there are existing containers for a service, and the service's configuration
        or image was changed after the container's creation, `docker-compose up` picks
        up the changes by stopping and recreating the containers (preserving mounted
        volumes). To prevent Compose from picking up changes, use the `--no-recreate`
        flag.

        If you want to force Compose to stop and recreate all containers, use the
        `--force-recreate` flag.

        Usage: up [options] [--scale SERVICE=NUM...] [SERVICE...]

        Options:
            -d                         Detached mode: Run containers in the background,
                                       print new container names.
                                       Incompatible with --abort-on-container-exit.
            --no-color                 Produce monochrome output.
            --no-deps                  Don't start linked services.
            --force-recreate           Recreate containers even if their configuration
                                       and image haven't changed.
                                       Incompatible with --no-recreate.
            --no-recreate              If containers already exist, don't recreate them.
                                       Incompatible with --force-recreate.
            --no-build                 Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
            --build                    Build images before starting containers.
            --abort-on-container-exit  Stops all containers if any container was stopped.
                                       Incompatible with -d.
            -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Use this timeout in seconds for container shutdown
                                       when attached or when containers are already
                                       running. (default: 10)
            --remove-orphans           Remove containers for services not
                                       defined in the Compose file
            --exit-code-from SERVICE   Return the exit code of the selected service container.
                                       Implies --abort-on-container-exit.
            --scale SERVICE=NUM        Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the `scale`
                                       setting in the Compose file if present.
        """
        start_deps = not options['--no-deps']
        exit_value_from = exitval_from_opts(options, self.project)
        cascade_stop = options['--abort-on-container-exit']
        service_names = options['SERVICE']
        timeout = timeout_from_opts(options)
        remove_orphans = options['--remove-orphans']
        detached = options.get('-d')

        if detached and cascade_stop:
            raise UserError("--abort-on-container-exit and -d cannot be combined.")

        with up_shutdown_context(self.project, service_names, timeout, detached):
            to_attach = self.project.up(
                service_names=service_names,
                start_deps=start_deps,
                strategy=convergence_strategy_from_opts(options),
                do_build=build_action_from_opts(options),
                timeout=timeout,
                detached=detached,
                remove_orphans=remove_orphans,
                scale_override=parse_scale_args(options['--scale']),
            )

            if detached:
                return

            attached_containers = filter_containers_to_service_names(to_attach, service_names)

            log_printer = log_printer_from_project(
                self.project,
                attached_containers,
                options['--no-color'],
                {'follow': True},
                cascade_stop,
                event_stream=self.project.events(service_names=service_names))
            print("Attaching to", list_containers(log_printer.containers))
            cascade_starter = log_printer.run()

            if cascade_stop:
                print("Aborting on container exit...")

                exit_code = 0
                if exit_value_from:
                    candidates = filter(
                        lambda c: c.service == exit_value_from,
                        attached_containers)
                    if not candidates:
                        log.error(
                            'No containers matching the spec "{0}" '
                            'were run.'.format(exit_value_from)
                        )
                        exit_code = 2
                    elif len(candidates) > 1:
                        exit_values = filter(
                            lambda e: e != 0,
                            [c.inspect()['State']['ExitCode'] for c in candidates]
                        )

                        exit_code = exit_values[0]
                    else:
                        exit_code = candidates[0].inspect()['State']['ExitCode']
                else:
                    for e in self.project.containers(service_names=options['SERVICE'], stopped=True):
                        if (not e.is_running and cascade_starter == e.name):
                            if not e.exit_code == 0:
                                exit_code = e.exit_code
                                break

                self.project.stop(service_names=service_names, timeout=timeout)
                sys.exit(exit_code)

    @classmethod
    def version(cls, options):
        """
        Show version informations

        Usage: version [--short]

        Options:
            --short     Shows only Compose's version number.
        """
        if options['--short']:
            print(__version__)
        else:
            print(get_version_info('full'))


def convergence_strategy_from_opts(options):
    no_recreate = options['--no-recreate']
    force_recreate = options['--force-recreate']
    if force_recreate and no_recreate:
        raise UserError("--force-recreate and --no-recreate cannot be combined.")

    if force_recreate:
        return ConvergenceStrategy.always

    if no_recreate:
        return ConvergenceStrategy.never

    return ConvergenceStrategy.changed


def timeout_from_opts(options):
    timeout = options.get('--timeout')
    return None if timeout is None else int(timeout)


def image_digests_for_project(project, allow_push=False):
    with errors.handle_connection_errors(project.client):
        try:
            return get_image_digests(
                project,
                allow_push=allow_push
            )
        except MissingDigests as e:
            def list_images(images):
                return "\n".join("    {}".format(name) for name in sorted(images))

            paras = ["Some images are missing digests."]

            if e.needs_push:
                command_hint = (
                    "Use `docker-compose push {}` to push them. "
                    .format(" ".join(sorted(e.needs_push)))
                )
                paras += [
                    "The following images can be pushed:",
                    list_images(e.needs_push),
                    command_hint,
                ]

            if e.needs_pull:
                command_hint = (
                    "Use `docker-compose pull {}` to pull them. "
                    .format(" ".join(sorted(e.needs_pull)))
                )

                paras += [
                    "The following images need to be pulled:",
                    list_images(e.needs_pull),
                    command_hint,
                ]

            raise UserError("\n\n".join(paras))


def exitval_from_opts(options, project):
    exit_value_from = options.get('--exit-code-from')
    if exit_value_from:
        if not options.get('--abort-on-container-exit'):
            log.warn('using --exit-code-from implies --abort-on-container-exit')
            options['--abort-on-container-exit'] = True
        if exit_value_from not in [s.name for s in project.get_services()]:
            log.error('No service named "%s" was found in your compose file.',
                      exit_value_from)
            sys.exit(2)
    return exit_value_from


def image_type_from_opt(flag, value):
    if not value:
        return ImageType.none
    try:
        return ImageType[value]
    except KeyError:
        raise UserError("%s flag must be one of: all, local" % flag)


def build_action_from_opts(options):
    if options['--build'] and options['--no-build']:
        raise UserError("--build and --no-build can not be combined.")

    if options['--build']:
        return BuildAction.force

    if options['--no-build']:
        return BuildAction.skip

    return BuildAction.none


def build_container_options(options, detach, command):
    container_options = {
        'command': command,
        'tty': not (detach or options['-T'] or not sys.stdin.isatty()),
        'stdin_open': not detach,
        'detach': detach,
    }

    if options['-e']:
        container_options['environment'] = Environment.from_command_line(
            parse_environment(options['-e'])
        )

    if options['--entrypoint']:
        container_options['entrypoint'] = options.get('--entrypoint')

    if options['--rm']:
        container_options['restart'] = None

    if options['--user']:
        container_options['user'] = options.get('--user')

    if not options['--service-ports']:
        container_options['ports'] = []

    if options['--publish']:
        container_options['ports'] = options.get('--publish')

    if options['--name']:
        container_options['name'] = options['--name']

    if options['--workdir']:
        container_options['working_dir'] = options['--workdir']

    if options['--volume']:
        volumes = [VolumeSpec.parse(i) for i in options['--volume']]
        container_options['volumes'] = volumes

    return container_options


def run_one_off_container(container_options, project, service, options):
    if not options['--no-deps']:
        deps = service.get_dependency_names()
        if deps:
            project.up(
                service_names=deps,
                start_deps=True,
                strategy=ConvergenceStrategy.never)

    project.initialize()

    container = service.create_container(
        quiet=True,
        one_off=True,
        **container_options)

    if options['-d']:
        service.start_container(container)
        print(container.name)
        return

    def remove_container(force=False):
        if options['--rm']:
            project.client.remove_container(container.id, force=True, v=True)

    signals.set_signal_handler_to_shutdown()
    try:
        try:
            if IS_WINDOWS_PLATFORM:
                service.connect_container_to_networks(container)
                exit_code = call_docker(["start", "--attach", "--interactive", container.id])
            else:
                operation = RunOperation(
                    project.client,
                    container.id,
                    interactive=not options['-T'],
                    logs=False,
                )
                pty = PseudoTerminal(project.client, operation)
                sockets = pty.sockets()
                service.start_container(container)
                pty.start(sockets)
                exit_code = container.wait()
        except signals.ShutdownException:
            project.client.stop(container.id)
            exit_code = 1
    except signals.ShutdownException:
        project.client.kill(container.id)
        remove_container(force=True)
        sys.exit(2)

    remove_container()
    sys.exit(exit_code)


def log_printer_from_project(
    project,
    containers,
    monochrome,
    log_args,
    cascade_stop=False,
    event_stream=None,
):
    return LogPrinter(
        containers,
        build_log_presenters(project.service_names, monochrome),
        event_stream or project.events(),
        cascade_stop=cascade_stop,
        log_args=log_args)


def filter_containers_to_service_names(containers, service_names):
    if not service_names:
        return containers

    return [
        container
        for container in containers if container.service in service_names
    ]


@contextlib.contextmanager
def up_shutdown_context(project, service_names, timeout, detached):
    if detached:
        yield
        return

    signals.set_signal_handler_to_shutdown()
    try:
        try:
            yield
        except signals.ShutdownException:
            print("Gracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force)")
            project.stop(service_names=service_names, timeout=timeout)
    except signals.ShutdownException:
        project.kill(service_names=service_names)
        sys.exit(2)


def list_containers(containers):
    return ", ".join(c.name for c in containers)


def exit_if(condition, message, exit_code):
    if condition:
        log.error(message)
        raise SystemExit(exit_code)


def call_docker(args):
    executable_path = find_executable('docker')
    if not executable_path:
        raise UserError(errors.docker_not_found_msg("Couldn't find `docker` binary."))

    args = [executable_path] + args
    log.debug(" ".join(map(pipes.quote, args)))

    return subprocess.call(args)


def parse_scale_args(options):
    res = {}
    for s in options:
        if '=' not in s:
            raise UserError('Arguments to scale should be in the form service=num')
        service_name, num = s.split('=', 1)
        try:
            num = int(num)
        except ValueError:
            raise UserError(
                'Number of containers for service "%s" is not a number' % service_name
            )
        res[service_name] = num
    return res