# What is Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system, with Unity as its default desktop environment. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu (literally, "human-ness"), which often is translated as "humanity towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity".

Development of Ubuntu is led by UK-based Canonical Ltd., a company owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical support and other services related to Ubuntu. The Ubuntu project is publicly committed to the principles of open-source software development; people are encouraged to use free software, study how it works, improve upon it, and distribute it.

> [wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29)

%%LOGO%%

# What's in this image?

This image is built from official rootfs tarballs provided by Canonical (specifically, https://partner-images.canonical.com/core/).

The `%%IMAGE%%:latest` tag points to the "latest LTS", since that's the version recommended for general use. The `%%IMAGE%%:rolling` tag points to the latest release (regardless of LTS status).

Along a similar vein, the `%%IMAGE%%:devel` tag is an alias for whichever release the "devel" suite on the mirrors currently points to, as determined by the following one-liner: `wget -qO- http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/devel/Release | awk -F ': ' '$1 == "Codename" { print $2; exit }'`

## Locales

Given that it is a minimal install of Ubuntu, this image only includes the `C`, `C.UTF-8`, and `POSIX` locales by default. For most uses requiring a UTF-8 locale, `C.UTF-8` is likely sufficient (`-e LANG=C.UTF-8` or `ENV LANG C.UTF-8`).

For uses where that is not sufficient, other locales can be installed/generated via the `locales` package. [PostgreSQL has a good example of doing so](https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/blob/69bc540ecfffecce72d49fa7e4a46680350037f9/9.6/Dockerfile#L21-L24), copied below:

```dockerfile
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y locales && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
	&& localedef -i en_US -c -f UTF-8 -A /usr/share/locale/locale.alias en_US.UTF-8
ENV LANG en_US.utf8
```

## `/etc/apt/sources.list`

### `%%IMAGE%%:18.04`

```console
$ docker run %%IMAGE%%:18.04 grep -v '^#' /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse


deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
```

### `%%IMAGE%%:16.04`

```console
$ docker run %%IMAGE%%:16.04 grep -v '^#' /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe


deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
```

### `%%IMAGE%%:14.04`

```console
$ docker run %%IMAGE%%:14.04 grep -v '^#' /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe


deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
```