Add CODATA 2018 values of physics constants

closes #235

examples/codata2018_consistency.nbt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=html&Frequently+used+constants.x=55&Frequently+used+constants.y=9
+
+assert_eq(m_u, 1.660_539_066_60e-27 kg)
+assert_eq(N_A, 6.022_140_76e23 mol^-1)
+assert_eq(k_B, 1.380_649e-23 J/K)
+assert_eq(conductance_quantum, 7.748_091_729e-5 S, 1e-14 S)
+assert_eq(electron_mass, 9.109_383_7015e-31 kg)
+assert_eq(1 eV, 1.602_176_634e-19 J)
+assert_eq(electron_charge,  1.602_176_634e-19 C)
+assert_eq(faraday_constant, 96_485.332_12 C mol^-1, 1e-5 C mol^-1)
+assert_eq(α, 7.297_352_5693e-3, 1e-13)
+assert_eq(josephson_constant, 483_597.848_4e9 Hz V^-1, 1e5 Hz V^-1)
+assert_eq(magnetic_flux_quantum,  2.067_833_848e-15 Wb, 1e-24 Wb)
+assert_eq(gas_constant,  8.314_462_618 J mol^-1 K^-1, 1e-9 J mol^-1 K^-1)
+assert_eq(G, 6.674_30e-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2)
+assert_eq(planck_constant, 6.626_070_15e-34 J Hz^-1)
+assert_eq(proton_mass, 1.672_621_923_69e-27 kg)
+assert_eq(stefan_boltzmann_constant, 5.670_374_419e-8 W m^-2 K^-4, 1e-17 W m^-2 K^-4)
+assert_eq(eps0, 8.854_187_8128e-12 F m^-1, 1e-24 F m^-1)
+assert_eq(mu0, 1.256_637_062_12e-6 N A^-2)
+assert_eq(von_klitzing_constant, 25_812.807_45 Ω, 1e-5 Ω)

numbat/modules/physics/constants.nbt

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ let speed_of_light: Velocity = 299_792_458 m / s
 @name("Newtonian constant of gravitation")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_constant")
 @aliases(G)
-let gravitational_constant: Force × Length^2 / Mass^2 =  6.67430e-11 m³ / (kg s²)
+let gravitational_constant: Force × Length^2 / Mass^2 =  6.674_30e-11 m³ / (kg s²)
 
 @name("Standard acceleration of gravity on earth")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth")
 @aliases(g0)
-let gravity: Acceleration = 9.80665 m / s²
+let gravity: Acceleration = 9.806_65 m / s²
 
 @name("Planck constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant")
 @aliases(ℎ)
-let planck_constant: Action = 6.62607015e-34 J / Hz
+let planck_constant: Action = 6.626_070_15e-34 J / Hz
 
 @name("Reduced Planck constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant#Reduced_Planck_constant_%E2%84%8F")
@@ -28,59 +28,59 @@ let ℏ: AngularMomentum = planck_constant / 2π
 
 @name("Electron mass")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mass")
-let electron_mass: Mass = 9.1093837015e-31 kg
+let electron_mass: Mass = 9.109_383_701_5e-31 kg
 
 @name("Elementary charge")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_charge")
 @aliases(electron_charge)
-let elementary_charge: ElectricCharge =  1.602176634e-19 C
+let elementary_charge: ElectricCharge =  1.602_176_634e-19 C
 
 @name("Vacuum permeability / magnetic constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permeability")
 @aliases(µ0,mu0)
-let magnetic_constant: MagneticPermeability =  1.25663706212e-6 N / A²
+let magnetic_constant: MagneticPermeability =  1.256_637_062_12e-6 N / A²
 
 @name("Vacuum electric permittivity / electric constant")
-@url("https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Electric_constant")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permittivity")
 @aliases(ε0,eps0)
-let electric_constant: ElectricPermittivity = 8.8541878128e-12 F / m
+let electric_constant: ElectricPermittivity = 1 / (µ0 c²) -> F/m
 
 @name("Bohr magneton")
 @aliases(µ_B)
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_magneton")
-let bohr_magneton: Energy / MagneticFluxDensity = 9.2740100783e-24 J / T
+let bohr_magneton: Energy / MagneticFluxDensity = electron_charge ℏ / 2 electron_mass -> J/T
 
 @name("Fine structure constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-structure_constant")
 @aliases(α, alpha)
-let fine_structure_constant: Scalar = 7.2973525693e-3
+let fine_structure_constant: Scalar = electron_charge^2 / (2 eps0 ℎ c)
 
 @name("Proton mass")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton")
-let proton_mass: Mass =  1.67262192369e-27 kg
+let proton_mass: Mass =  1.672_621_923_69e-27 kg
 
 @name("Neutron mass")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron")
-let neutron_mass: Mass = 1.67492749804e-27 kg
+let neutron_mass: Mass = 1.674_927_498_04e-27 kg
 
 @name("Avogadro constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro_constant")
 @aliases(N_A)
-let avogadro_constant: 1 / AmountOfSubstance = 6.02214076e23 / mol
+let avogadro_constant: 1 / AmountOfSubstance = 6.022_140_76e23 / mol
 
 @name("Boltzmann constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_constant")
 @aliases(k_B)
-let boltzmann_constant: Energy / Temperature = 1.380649e-23 J / K
+let boltzmann_constant: Energy / Temperature = 1.380_649e-23 J / K
 
 @name("Stefan-Boltzmann constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann_law")
 let stefan_boltzmann_constant: Power / (Area × Temperature^4) = 2 π^5 k_B^4 / (15 planck_constant^3 c^2)
 
-@name("Ideal gas constant")
+@name("Molar gas constant")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant")
 @aliases(R)
-let gas_constant: Energy / (AmountOfSubstance × Temperature) = 8.31446261815324 J / (K mol)
+let gas_constant: Energy / (AmountOfSubstance × Temperature) = k_B × N_A
 
 @name("Bohr radius")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_radius")
@@ -94,3 +94,29 @@ let rydberg_constant: Wavenumber = (electron_mass electron_charge^4) / (8 ε0^2
 @name("Rydberg unit of energy")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_constant")
 unit Ry: Energy = ℎ c × rydberg_constant
+
+@name("Atomic Mass constant")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass_constant")
+@aliases(m_u)
+let atomic_mass_constant: Mass = 1 dalton -> kg
+
+@name("Conductance quantum")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductance_quantum")
+let conductance_quantum: ElectricConductance = 2 * elementary_charge^2 / planck_constant -> S
+
+@name("Faraday constant")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_constant")
+let faraday_constant: ElectricCharge / AmountOfSubstance = avogadro_constant * elementary_charge
+
+@name("Magnetic Flux Quantum")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux_quantum")
+let magnetic_flux_quantum: MagneticFlux = planck_constant / (2 * elementary_charge) -> Wb
+
+@name("Josephson Constant")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_constant")
+let josephson_constant: Frequency / Voltage = 1 / magnetic_flux_quantum -> Hz/V
+
+@name("Von Klitzing Constant")
+@url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Klitzing_constant")
+@aliases(R_K)
+let von_klitzing_constant: ElectricResistance = planck_constant / (elementary_charge^2) -> Ω

numbat/modules/units/si.nbt

@@ -234,10 +234,10 @@ unit tonne: Mass = 10^3 kilogram
 @name("Dalton")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton")
 @aliases(daltons, Da: short)
-unit dalton: Mass = 1.660539040e-27 kilogram
+unit dalton: Mass = 1.660_539_066_60e-27 kilogram
 
-@name("Electronvolt")
+@name("Electron volt")
 @url("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt")
 @metric_prefixes
 @aliases(electronvolts, eV: short)
-unit electronvolt: Energy = 1.602176634e-19 joule
+unit electronvolt: Energy = 1.602_176_634e-19 joule