syncthing/lib/model/rwfolder.go

// Copyright (C) 2014 The Syncthing Authors.
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
// You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

package model

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/config"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/db"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/events"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/ignore"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/osutil"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/protocol"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/scanner"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/symlinks"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/sync"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/versioner"
)

// TODO: Stop on errors

func init() {
	folderFactories[config.FolderTypeReadWrite] = newRWFolder
}

// A pullBlockState is passed to the puller routine for each block that needs
// to be fetched.
type pullBlockState struct {
	*sharedPullerState
	block protocol.BlockInfo
}

// A copyBlocksState is passed to copy routine if the file has blocks to be
// copied.
type copyBlocksState struct {
	*sharedPullerState
	blocks []protocol.BlockInfo
}

// Which filemode bits to preserve
const retainBits = os.ModeSetgid | os.ModeSetuid | os.ModeSticky

var (
	activity    = newDeviceActivity()
	errNoDevice = errors.New("peers who had this file went away, or the file has changed while syncing. will retry later")
)

const (
	dbUpdateHandleDir = iota
	dbUpdateDeleteDir
	dbUpdateHandleFile
	dbUpdateDeleteFile
	dbUpdateShortcutFile
)

const (
	defaultCopiers     = 1
	defaultPullers     = 16
	defaultPullerSleep = 10 * time.Second
	defaultPullerPause = 60 * time.Second
)

type dbUpdateJob struct {
	file    protocol.FileInfo
	jobType int
}

type rwFolder struct {
	folder

	virtualMtimeRepo *db.VirtualMtimeRepo
	dir              string
	versioner        versioner.Versioner
	ignorePerms      bool
	copiers          int
	pullers          int
	order            config.PullOrder
	maxConflicts     int
	sleep            time.Duration
	pause            time.Duration
	allowSparse      bool
	checkFreeSpace   bool

	queue       *jobQueue
	dbUpdates   chan dbUpdateJob
	pullTimer   *time.Timer
	remoteIndex chan struct{} // An index update was received, we should re-evaluate needs

	errors    map[string]string // path -> error string
	errorsMut sync.Mutex

	initialScanCompleted chan (struct{}) // exposed for testing
}

func newRWFolder(model *Model, cfg config.FolderConfiguration, ver versioner.Versioner) service {
	f := &rwFolder{
		folder: folder{
			stateTracker: stateTracker{
				folderID: cfg.ID,
				mut:      sync.NewMutex(),
			},
			scan: folderscan{
				interval: time.Duration(cfg.RescanIntervalS) * time.Second,
				timer:    time.NewTimer(time.Millisecond), // The first scan should be done immediately.
				now:      make(chan rescanRequest),
				delay:    make(chan time.Duration),
			},
			stop:  make(chan struct{}),
			model: model,
		},

		virtualMtimeRepo: db.NewVirtualMtimeRepo(model.db, cfg.ID),
		dir:              cfg.Path(),
		ignorePerms:      cfg.IgnorePerms,
		copiers:          cfg.Copiers,
		pullers:          cfg.Pullers,
		order:            cfg.Order,
		maxConflicts:     cfg.MaxConflicts,
		allowSparse:      !cfg.DisableSparseFiles,
		checkFreeSpace:   cfg.MinDiskFreePct != 0,
		versioner:        ver,

		queue:       newJobQueue(),
		pullTimer:   time.NewTimer(time.Second),
		remoteIndex: make(chan struct{}, 1), // This needs to be 1-buffered so that we queue a notification if we're busy doing a pull when it comes.

		errorsMut: sync.NewMutex(),

		initialScanCompleted: make(chan struct{}),
	}

	f.configureCopiersAndPullers(cfg)

	return f
}

func (f *rwFolder) configureCopiersAndPullers(config config.FolderConfiguration) {
	if f.copiers == 0 {
		f.copiers = defaultCopiers
	}
	if f.pullers == 0 {
		f.pullers = defaultPullers
	}

	if config.PullerPauseS == 0 {
		f.pause = defaultPullerPause
	} else {
		f.pause = time.Duration(config.PullerPauseS) * time.Second
	}

	if config.PullerSleepS == 0 {
		f.sleep = defaultPullerSleep
	} else {
		f.sleep = time.Duration(config.PullerSleepS) * time.Second
	}
}

// Helper function to check whether either the ignorePerm flag has been
// set on the local host or the FlagNoPermBits has been set on the file/dir
// which is being pulled.
func (f *rwFolder) ignorePermissions(file protocol.FileInfo) bool {
	return f.ignorePerms || file.Flags&protocol.FlagNoPermBits != 0
}

// Serve will run scans and pulls. It will return when Stop()ed or on a
// critical error.
func (f *rwFolder) Serve() {
	l.Debugln(f, "starting")
	defer l.Debugln(f, "exiting")

	defer func() {
		f.pullTimer.Stop()
		f.scan.timer.Stop()
		// TODO: Should there be an actual FolderStopped state?
		f.setState(FolderIdle)
	}()

	var prevVer int64
	var prevIgnoreHash string

	for {
		select {
		case <-f.stop:
			return

		case <-f.remoteIndex:
			prevVer = 0
			f.pullTimer.Reset(0)
			l.Debugln(f, "remote index updated, rescheduling pull")

		case <-f.pullTimer.C:
			select {
			case <-f.initialScanCompleted:
			default:
				// We don't start pulling files until a scan has been completed.
				l.Debugln(f, "skip (initial)")
				f.pullTimer.Reset(f.sleep)
				continue
			}

			f.model.fmut.RLock()
			curIgnores := f.model.folderIgnores[f.folderID]
			f.model.fmut.RUnlock()

			if newHash := curIgnores.Hash(); newHash != prevIgnoreHash {
				// The ignore patterns have changed. We need to re-evaluate if
				// there are files we need now that were ignored before.
				l.Debugln(f, "ignore patterns have changed, resetting prevVer")
				prevVer = 0
				prevIgnoreHash = newHash
			}

			// RemoteLocalVersion() is a fast call, doesn't touch the database.
			curVer, ok := f.model.RemoteLocalVersion(f.folderID)
			if !ok || curVer == prevVer {
				l.Debugln(f, "skip (curVer == prevVer)", prevVer, ok)
				f.pullTimer.Reset(f.sleep)
				continue
			}

			if err := f.model.CheckFolderHealth(f.folderID); err != nil {
				l.Infoln("Skipping folder", f.folderID, "pull due to folder error:", err)
				f.pullTimer.Reset(f.sleep)
				continue
			}

			l.Debugln(f, "pulling", prevVer, curVer)

			f.setState(FolderSyncing)
			f.clearErrors()
			tries := 0

			for {
				tries++

				changed := f.pullerIteration(curIgnores)
				l.Debugln(f, "changed", changed)

				if changed == 0 {
					// No files were changed by the puller, so we are in
					// sync. Remember the local version number and
					// schedule a resync a little bit into the future.

					if lv, ok := f.model.RemoteLocalVersion(f.folderID); ok && lv < curVer {
						// There's a corner case where the device we needed
						// files from disconnected during the puller
						// iteration. The files will have been removed from
						// the index, so we've concluded that we don't need
						// them, but at the same time we have the local
						// version that includes those files in curVer. So we
						// catch the case that localVersion might have
						// decreased here.
						l.Debugln(f, "adjusting curVer", lv)
						curVer = lv
					}
					prevVer = curVer
					l.Debugln(f, "next pull in", f.sleep)
					f.pullTimer.Reset(f.sleep)
					break
				}

				if tries > 10 {
					// We've tried a bunch of times to get in sync, but
					// we're not making it. Probably there are write
					// errors preventing us. Flag this with a warning and
					// wait a bit longer before retrying.
					l.Infof("Folder %q isn't making progress. Pausing puller for %v.", f.folderID, f.pause)
					l.Debugln(f, "next pull in", f.pause)

					if folderErrors := f.currentErrors(); len(folderErrors) > 0 {
						events.Default.Log(events.FolderErrors, map[string]interface{}{
							"folder": f.folderID,
							"errors": folderErrors,
						})
					}

					f.pullTimer.Reset(f.pause)
					break
				}
			}
			f.setState(FolderIdle)

		// The reason for running the scanner from within the puller is that
		// this is the easiest way to make sure we are not doing both at the
		// same time.
		case <-f.scan.timer.C:
			err := f.scanSubdirsIfHealthy(nil)
			f.scan.reschedule()
			if err != nil {
				continue
			}
			select {
			case <-f.initialScanCompleted:
			default:
				l.Infoln("Completed initial scan (rw) of folder", f.folderID)
				close(f.initialScanCompleted)
			}

		case req := <-f.scan.now:
			req.err <- f.scanSubdirsIfHealthy(req.subdirs)

		case next := <-f.scan.delay:
			f.scan.timer.Reset(next)
		}
	}
}

func (f *rwFolder) IndexUpdated() {
	select {
	case f.remoteIndex <- struct{}{}:
	default:
		// We might be busy doing a pull and thus not reading from this
		// channel. The channel is 1-buffered, so one notification will be
		// queued to ensure we recheck after the pull, but beyond that we must
		// make sure to not block index receiving.
	}
}

func (f *rwFolder) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("rwFolder/%s@%p", f.folderID, f)
}

// pullerIteration runs a single puller iteration for the given folder and
// returns the number items that should have been synced (even those that
// might have failed). One puller iteration handles all files currently
// flagged as needed in the folder.
func (f *rwFolder) pullerIteration(ignores *ignore.Matcher) int {
	pullChan := make(chan pullBlockState)
	copyChan := make(chan copyBlocksState)
	finisherChan := make(chan *sharedPullerState)

	updateWg := sync.NewWaitGroup()
	copyWg := sync.NewWaitGroup()
	pullWg := sync.NewWaitGroup()
	doneWg := sync.NewWaitGroup()

	l.Debugln(f, "c", f.copiers, "p", f.pullers)

	f.dbUpdates = make(chan dbUpdateJob)
	updateWg.Add(1)
	go func() {
		// dbUpdaterRoutine finishes when f.dbUpdates is closed
		f.dbUpdaterRoutine()
		updateWg.Done()
	}()

	for i := 0; i < f.copiers; i++ {
		copyWg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			// copierRoutine finishes when copyChan is closed
			f.copierRoutine(copyChan, pullChan, finisherChan)
			copyWg.Done()
		}()
	}

	for i := 0; i < f.pullers; i++ {
		pullWg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			// pullerRoutine finishes when pullChan is closed
			f.pullerRoutine(pullChan, finisherChan)
			pullWg.Done()
		}()
	}

	doneWg.Add(1)
	// finisherRoutine finishes when finisherChan is closed
	go func() {
		f.finisherRoutine(finisherChan)
		doneWg.Done()
	}()

	f.model.fmut.RLock()
	folderFiles := f.model.folderFiles[f.folderID]
	f.model.fmut.RUnlock()

	// !!!
	// WithNeed takes a database snapshot (by necessity). By the time we've
	// handled a bunch of files it might have become out of date and we might
	// be attempting to sync with an old version of a file...
	// !!!

	changed := 0

	fileDeletions := map[string]protocol.FileInfo{}
	dirDeletions := []protocol.FileInfo{}
	buckets := map[string][]protocol.FileInfo{}

	handleFile := func(fi protocol.FileInfo) bool {
		switch {
		case fi.IsDeleted():
			// A deleted file, directory or symlink
			if fi.IsDirectory() {
				dirDeletions = append(dirDeletions, fi)
			} else {
				fileDeletions[fi.Name] = fi
				df, ok := f.model.CurrentFolderFile(f.folderID, fi.Name)
				// Local file can be already deleted, but with a lower version
				// number, hence the deletion coming in again as part of
				// WithNeed, furthermore, the file can simply be of the wrong
				// type if we haven't yet managed to pull it.
				if ok && !df.IsDeleted() && !df.IsSymlink() && !df.IsDirectory() {
					// Put files into buckets per first hash
					key := string(df.Blocks[0].Hash)
					buckets[key] = append(buckets[key], df)
				}
			}
		case fi.IsDirectory() && !fi.IsSymlink():
			// A new or changed directory
			l.Debugln("Creating directory", fi.Name)
			f.handleDir(fi)
		default:
			return false
		}
		return true
	}

	folderFiles.WithNeed(protocol.LocalDeviceID, func(intf db.FileIntf) bool {
		// Needed items are delivered sorted lexicographically. We'll handle
		// directories as they come along, so parents before children. Files
		// are queued and the order may be changed later.

		file := intf.(protocol.FileInfo)

		if ignores.Match(file.Name).IsIgnored() {
			// This is an ignored file. Skip it, continue iteration.
			return true
		}

		l.Debugln(f, "handling", file.Name)

		if !handleFile(file) {
			// A new or changed file or symlink. This is the only case where we
			// do stuff concurrently in the background
			f.queue.Push(file.Name, file.Size(), file.Modified)
		}

		changed++
		return true
	})

	// Reorder the file queue according to configuration

	switch f.order {
	case config.OrderRandom:
		f.queue.Shuffle()
	case config.OrderAlphabetic:
	// The queue is already in alphabetic order.
	case config.OrderSmallestFirst:
		f.queue.SortSmallestFirst()
	case config.OrderLargestFirst:
		f.queue.SortLargestFirst()
	case config.OrderOldestFirst:
		f.queue.SortOldestFirst()
	case config.OrderNewestFirst:
		f.queue.SortNewestFirst()
	}

	// Process the file queue

nextFile:
	for {
		select {
		case <-f.stop:
			// Stop processing files if the puller has been told to stop.
			break
		default:
		}

		fileName, ok := f.queue.Pop()
		if !ok {
			break
		}

		fi, ok := f.model.CurrentGlobalFile(f.folderID, fileName)
		if !ok {
			// File is no longer in the index. Mark it as done and drop it.
			f.queue.Done(fileName)
			continue
		}

		// Handles races where an index update arrives changing what the file
		// is between queueing and retrieving it from the queue, effectively
		// changing how the file should be handled.
		if handleFile(fi) {
			continue
		}

		if !fi.IsSymlink() {
			key := string(fi.Blocks[0].Hash)
			for i, candidate := range buckets[key] {
				if scanner.BlocksEqual(candidate.Blocks, fi.Blocks) {
					// Remove the candidate from the bucket
					lidx := len(buckets[key]) - 1
					buckets[key][i] = buckets[key][lidx]
					buckets[key] = buckets[key][:lidx]

					// candidate is our current state of the file, where as the
					// desired state with the delete bit set is in the deletion
					// map.
					desired := fileDeletions[candidate.Name]
					// Remove the pending deletion (as we perform it by renaming)
					delete(fileDeletions, candidate.Name)

					f.renameFile(desired, fi)

					f.queue.Done(fileName)
					continue nextFile
				}
			}
		}

		// Not a rename or a symlink, deal with it.
		f.handleFile(fi, copyChan, finisherChan)
	}

	// Signal copy and puller routines that we are done with the in data for
	// this iteration. Wait for them to finish.
	close(copyChan)
	copyWg.Wait()
	close(pullChan)
	pullWg.Wait()

	// Signal the finisher chan that there will be no more input.
	close(finisherChan)

	// Wait for the finisherChan to finish.
	doneWg.Wait()

	for _, file := range fileDeletions {
		l.Debugln("Deleting file", file.Name)
		f.deleteFile(file)
	}

	for i := range dirDeletions {
		dir := dirDeletions[len(dirDeletions)-i-1]
		l.Debugln("Deleting dir", dir.Name)
		f.deleteDir(dir, ignores)
	}

	// Wait for db updates to complete
	close(f.dbUpdates)
	updateWg.Wait()

	return changed
}

// handleDir creates or updates the given directory
func (f *rwFolder) handleDir(file protocol.FileInfo) {
	var err error
	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   file.Name,
		"type":   "dir",
		"action": "update",
	})

	defer func() {
		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   file.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "dir",
			"action": "update",
		})
	}()

	realName := filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name)
	mode := os.FileMode(file.Flags & 0777)
	if f.ignorePermissions(file) {
		mode = 0777
	}

	if shouldDebug() {
		curFile, _ := f.model.CurrentFolderFile(f.folderID, file.Name)
		l.Debugf("need dir\n\t%v\n\t%v", file, curFile)
	}

	info, err := osutil.Lstat(realName)
	switch {
	// There is already something under that name, but it's a file/link.
	// Most likely a file/link is getting replaced with a directory.
	// Remove the file/link and fall through to directory creation.
	case err == nil && (!info.IsDir() || info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0):
		err = osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, realName)
		if err != nil {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, dir %q): %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
			f.newError(file.Name, err)
			return
		}
		fallthrough
	// The directory doesn't exist, so we create it with the right
	// mode bits from the start.
	case err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err):
		// We declare a function that acts on only the path name, so
		// we can pass it to InWritableDir. We use a regular Mkdir and
		// not MkdirAll because the parent should already exist.
		mkdir := func(path string) error {
			err = os.Mkdir(path, mode)
			if err != nil || f.ignorePermissions(file) {
				return err
			}

			// Stat the directory so we can check its permissions.
			info, err := osutil.Lstat(path)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// Mask for the bits we want to preserve and add them in to the
			// directories permissions.
			return os.Chmod(path, mode|(info.Mode()&retainBits))
		}

		if err = osutil.InWritableDir(mkdir, realName); err == nil {
			f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateHandleDir}
		} else {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, dir %q): %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
			f.newError(file.Name, err)
		}
		return
	// Weird error when stat()'ing the dir. Probably won't work to do
	// anything else with it if we can't even stat() it.
	case err != nil:
		l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, dir %q): %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
		f.newError(file.Name, err)
		return
	}

	// The directory already exists, so we just correct the mode bits. (We
	// don't handle modification times on directories, because that sucks...)
	// It's OK to change mode bits on stuff within non-writable directories.
	if f.ignorePermissions(file) {
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateHandleDir}
	} else if err := os.Chmod(realName, mode|(info.Mode()&retainBits)); err == nil {
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateHandleDir}
	} else {
		l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, dir %q): %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
		f.newError(file.Name, err)
	}
}

// deleteDir attempts to delete the given directory
func (f *rwFolder) deleteDir(file protocol.FileInfo, matcher *ignore.Matcher) {
	var err error
	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   file.Name,
		"type":   "dir",
		"action": "delete",
	})
	defer func() {
		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   file.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "dir",
			"action": "delete",
		})
	}()

	realName := filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name)
	// Delete any temporary files lying around in the directory
	dir, _ := os.Open(realName)
	if dir != nil {
		files, _ := dir.Readdirnames(-1)
		for _, dirFile := range files {
			if defTempNamer.IsTemporary(dirFile) || (matcher != nil && matcher.Match(filepath.Join(file.Name, dirFile)).IsDeletable()) {
				osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, filepath.Join(realName, dirFile))
			}
		}
		dir.Close()
	}

	err = osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, realName)
	if err == nil || os.IsNotExist(err) {
		// It was removed or it doesn't exist to start with
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateDeleteDir}
	} else if _, serr := os.Lstat(realName); serr != nil && !os.IsPermission(serr) {
		// We get an error just looking at the directory, and it's not a
		// permission problem. Lets assume the error is in fact some variant
		// of "file does not exist" (possibly expressed as some parent being a
		// file and not a directory etc) and that the delete is handled.
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateDeleteDir}
	} else {
		l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, dir %q): delete: %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
		f.newError(file.Name, err)
	}
}

// deleteFile attempts to delete the given file
func (f *rwFolder) deleteFile(file protocol.FileInfo) {
	var err error
	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   file.Name,
		"type":   "file",
		"action": "delete",
	})
	defer func() {
		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   file.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "file",
			"action": "delete",
		})
	}()

	realName := filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name)

	cur, ok := f.model.CurrentFolderFile(f.folderID, file.Name)
	if ok && f.inConflict(cur.Version, file.Version) {
		// There is a conflict here. Move the file to a conflict copy instead
		// of deleting. Also merge with the version vector we had, to indicate
		// we have resolved the conflict.
		file.Version = file.Version.Merge(cur.Version)
		err = osutil.InWritableDir(f.moveForConflict, realName)
	} else if f.versioner != nil {
		err = osutil.InWritableDir(f.versioner.Archive, realName)
	} else {
		err = osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, realName)
	}

	if err == nil || os.IsNotExist(err) {
		// It was removed or it doesn't exist to start with
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateDeleteFile}
	} else if _, serr := os.Lstat(realName); serr != nil && !os.IsPermission(serr) {
		// We get an error just looking at the file, and it's not a permission
		// problem. Lets assume the error is in fact some variant of "file
		// does not exist" (possibly expressed as some parent being a file and
		// not a directory etc) and that the delete is handled.
		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateDeleteFile}
	} else {
		l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): delete: %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
		f.newError(file.Name, err)
	}
}

// renameFile attempts to rename an existing file to a destination
// and set the right attributes on it.
func (f *rwFolder) renameFile(source, target protocol.FileInfo) {
	var err error
	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   source.Name,
		"type":   "file",
		"action": "delete",
	})
	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   target.Name,
		"type":   "file",
		"action": "update",
	})
	defer func() {
		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   source.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "file",
			"action": "delete",
		})
		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   target.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "file",
			"action": "update",
		})
	}()

	l.Debugln(f, "taking rename shortcut", source.Name, "->", target.Name)

	from := filepath.Join(f.dir, source.Name)
	to := filepath.Join(f.dir, target.Name)

	if f.versioner != nil {
		err = osutil.Copy(from, to)
		if err == nil {
			err = osutil.InWritableDir(f.versioner.Archive, from)
		}
	} else {
		err = osutil.TryRename(from, to)
	}

	if err == nil {
		// The file was renamed, so we have handled both the necessary delete
		// of the source and the creation of the target. Fix-up the metadata,
		// and update the local index of the target file.

		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{source, dbUpdateDeleteFile}

		err = f.shortcutFile(target)
		if err != nil {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): rename from %q metadata: %v", f.folderID, target.Name, source.Name, err)
			f.newError(target.Name, err)
			return
		}

		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{target, dbUpdateHandleFile}
	} else {
		// We failed the rename so we have a source file that we still need to
		// get rid of. Attempt to delete it instead so that we make *some*
		// progress. The target is unhandled.

		err = osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, from)
		if err != nil {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): delete %q after failed rename: %v", f.folderID, target.Name, source.Name, err)
			f.newError(target.Name, err)
			return
		}

		f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{source, dbUpdateDeleteFile}
	}
}

// This is the flow of data and events here, I think...
//
// +-----------------------+
// |                       | - - - - > ItemStarted
// |      handleFile       | - - - - > ItemFinished (on shortcuts)
// |                       |
// +-----------------------+
//             |
//             | copyChan (copyBlocksState; unless shortcut taken)
//             |
//             |    +-----------------------+
//             |    | +-----------------------+
//             +--->| |                       |
//                  | |     copierRoutine     |
//                  +-|                       |
//                    +-----------------------+
//                                |
//                                | pullChan (sharedPullerState)
//                                |
//                                |   +-----------------------+
//                                |   | +-----------------------+
//                                +-->| |                       |
//                                    | |     pullerRoutine     |
//                                    +-|                       |
//                                      +-----------------------+
//                                                  |
//                                                  | finisherChan (sharedPullerState)
//                                                  |
//                                                  |   +-----------------------+
//                                                  |   |                       |
//                                                  +-->|    finisherRoutine    | - - - - > ItemFinished
//                                                      |                       |
//                                                      +-----------------------+

// handleFile queues the copies and pulls as necessary for a single new or
// changed file.
func (f *rwFolder) handleFile(file protocol.FileInfo, copyChan chan<- copyBlocksState, finisherChan chan<- *sharedPullerState) {
	curFile, hasCurFile := f.model.CurrentFolderFile(f.folderID, file.Name)

	if hasCurFile && len(curFile.Blocks) == len(file.Blocks) && scanner.BlocksEqual(curFile.Blocks, file.Blocks) {
		// We are supposed to copy the entire file, and then fetch nothing. We
		// are only updating metadata, so we don't actually *need* to make the
		// copy.
		l.Debugln(f, "taking shortcut on", file.Name)

		events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   file.Name,
			"type":   "file",
			"action": "metadata",
		})

		f.queue.Done(file.Name)

		var err error
		if file.IsSymlink() {
			err = f.shortcutSymlink(file)
		} else {
			err = f.shortcutFile(file)
		}

		events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
			"folder": f.folderID,
			"item":   file.Name,
			"error":  events.Error(err),
			"type":   "file",
			"action": "metadata",
		})

		if err != nil {
			l.Infoln("Puller: shortcut:", err)
			f.newError(file.Name, err)
		} else {
			f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{file, dbUpdateShortcutFile}
		}

		return
	}

	// Figure out the absolute filenames we need once and for all
	tempName := filepath.Join(f.dir, defTempNamer.TempName(file.Name))
	realName := filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name)

	if hasCurFile && !curFile.IsDirectory() && !curFile.IsSymlink() {
		// Check that the file on disk is what we expect it to be according to
		// the database. If there's a mismatch here, there might be local
		// changes that we don't know about yet and we should scan before
		// touching the file. If we can't stat the file we'll just pull it.
		if info, err := osutil.Lstat(realName); err == nil {
			mtime := f.virtualMtimeRepo.GetMtime(file.Name, info.ModTime())
			if mtime.Unix() != curFile.Modified || info.Size() != curFile.Size() {
				l.Debugln("file modified but not rescanned; not pulling:", realName)
				// Scan() is synchronous (i.e. blocks until the scan is
				// completed and returns an error), but a scan can't happen
				// while we're in the puller routine. Request the scan in the
				// background and it'll be handled when the current pulling
				// sweep is complete. As we do retries, we'll queue the scan
				// for this file up to ten times, but the last nine of those
				// scans will be cheap...
				go f.scan.Scan([]string{file.Name})
				return
			}
		}
	}

	scanner.PopulateOffsets(file.Blocks)

	var blocks []protocol.BlockInfo
	var blocksSize int64
	var reused []int32

	// Check for an old temporary file which might have some blocks we could
	// reuse.
	tempBlocks, err := scanner.HashFile(tempName, protocol.BlockSize, 0, nil)
	if err == nil {
		// Check for any reusable blocks in the temp file
		tempCopyBlocks, _ := scanner.BlockDiff(tempBlocks, file.Blocks)

		// block.String() returns a string unique to the block
		existingBlocks := make(map[string]struct{}, len(tempCopyBlocks))
		for _, block := range tempCopyBlocks {
			existingBlocks[block.String()] = struct{}{}
		}

		// Since the blocks are already there, we don't need to get them.
		for i, block := range file.Blocks {
			_, ok := existingBlocks[block.String()]
			if !ok {
				blocks = append(blocks, block)
				blocksSize += int64(block.Size)
			} else {
				reused = append(reused, int32(i))
			}
		}

		// The sharedpullerstate will know which flags to use when opening the
		// temp file depending if we are reusing any blocks or not.
		if len(reused) == 0 {
			// Otherwise, discard the file ourselves in order for the
			// sharedpuller not to panic when it fails to exclusively create a
			// file which already exists
			osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, tempName)
		}
	} else {
		// Copy the blocks, as we don't want to shuffle them on the FileInfo
		blocks = append(blocks, file.Blocks...)
		blocksSize = file.Size()
	}

	if f.checkFreeSpace {
		if free, err := osutil.DiskFreeBytes(f.dir); err == nil && free < blocksSize {
			l.Warnf(`Folder "%s": insufficient disk space in %s for %s: have %.2f MiB, need %.2f MiB`, f.folderID, f.dir, file.Name, float64(free)/1024/1024, float64(blocksSize)/1024/1024)
			f.newError(file.Name, errors.New("insufficient space"))
			return
		}
	}

	// Shuffle the blocks
	for i := range blocks {
		j := rand.Intn(i + 1)
		blocks[i], blocks[j] = blocks[j], blocks[i]
	}

	events.Default.Log(events.ItemStarted, map[string]string{
		"folder": f.folderID,
		"item":   file.Name,
		"type":   "file",
		"action": "update",
	})

	s := sharedPullerState{
		file:             file,
		folder:           f.folderID,
		tempName:         tempName,
		realName:         realName,
		copyTotal:        len(blocks),
		copyNeeded:       len(blocks),
		reused:           len(reused),
		updated:          time.Now(),
		available:        reused,
		availableUpdated: time.Now(),
		ignorePerms:      f.ignorePermissions(file),
		version:          curFile.Version,
		mut:              sync.NewRWMutex(),
		sparse:           f.allowSparse,
	}

	l.Debugf("%v need file %s; copy %d, reused %v", f, file.Name, len(blocks), reused)

	cs := copyBlocksState{
		sharedPullerState: &s,
		blocks:            blocks,
	}
	copyChan <- cs
}

// shortcutFile sets file mode and modification time, when that's the only
// thing that has changed.
func (f *rwFolder) shortcutFile(file protocol.FileInfo) error {
	realName := filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name)
	if !f.ignorePermissions(file) {
		if err := os.Chmod(realName, os.FileMode(file.Flags&0777)); err != nil {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): shortcut: chmod: %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
			f.newError(file.Name, err)
			return err
		}
	}

	t := time.Unix(file.Modified, 0)
	if err := os.Chtimes(realName, t, t); err != nil {
		// Try using virtual mtimes
		info, err := os.Stat(realName)
		if err != nil {
			l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): shortcut: unable to stat file: %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
			f.newError(file.Name, err)
			return err
		}

		f.virtualMtimeRepo.UpdateMtime(file.Name, info.ModTime(), t)
	}

	// This may have been a conflict. We should merge the version vectors so
	// that our clock doesn't move backwards.
	if cur, ok := f.model.CurrentFolderFile(f.folderID, file.Name); ok {
		file.Version = file.Version.Merge(cur.Version)
	}

	return nil
}

// shortcutSymlink changes the symlinks type if necessary.
func (f *rwFolder) shortcutSymlink(file protocol.FileInfo) (err error) {
	tt := symlinks.TargetFile
	if file.IsDirectory() {
		tt = symlinks.TargetDirectory
	}
	err = symlinks.ChangeType(filepath.Join(f.dir, file.Name), tt)
	if err != nil {
		l.Infof("Puller (folder %q, file %q): symlink shortcut: %v", f.folderID, file.Name, err)
		f.newError(file.Name, err)
	}
	return
}

// copierRoutine reads copierStates until the in channel closes and performs
// the relevant copies when possible, or passes it to the puller routine.
func (f *rwFolder) copierRoutine(in <-chan copyBlocksState, pullChan chan<- pullBlockState, out chan<- *sharedPullerState) {
	buf := make([]byte, protocol.BlockSize)

	for state := range in {
		dstFd, err := state.tempFile()
		if err != nil {
			// Nothing more to do for this failed file, since we couldn't create a temporary for it.
			out <- state.sharedPullerState
			continue
		}

		if f.model.progressEmitter != nil {
			f.model.progressEmitter.Register(state.sharedPullerState)
		}

		folderRoots := make(map[string]string)
		var folders []string
		f.model.fmut.RLock()
		for folder, cfg := range f.model.folderCfgs {
			folderRoots[folder] = cfg.Path()
			folders = append(folders, folder)
		}
		f.model.fmut.RUnlock()

		for _, block := range state.blocks {
			if f.allowSparse && state.reused == 0 && block.IsEmpty() {
				// The block is a block of all zeroes, and we are not reusing
				// a temp file, so there is no need to do anything with it.
				// If we were reusing a temp file and had this block to copy,
				// it would be because the block in the temp file was *not* a
				// block of all zeroes, so then we should not skip it.

				// Pretend we copied it.
				state.copiedFromOrigin()
				continue
			}

			buf = buf[:int(block.Size)]
			found := f.model.finder.Iterate(folders, block.Hash, func(folder, file string, index int32) bool {
				fd, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(folderRoots[folder], file))
				if err != nil {
					return false
				}

				_, err = fd.ReadAt(buf, protocol.BlockSize*int64(index))
				fd.Close()
				if err != nil {
					return false
				}

				hash, err := scanner.VerifyBuffer(buf, block)
				if err != nil {
					if hash != nil {
						l.Debugf("Finder block mismatch in %s:%s:%d expected %q got %q", folder, file, index, block.Hash, hash)
						err = f.model.finder.Fix(folder, file, index, block.Hash, hash)
						if err != nil {
							l.Warnln("finder fix:", err)
						}
					} else {
						l.Debugln("Finder failed to verify buffer", err)
					}
					return false
				}

				_, err = dstFd.WriteAt(buf, block.Offset)
				if err != nil {
					state.fail("dst write", err)
				}
				if file == state.file.Name {
					state.copiedFromOrigin()
				}
				return true
			})

			if state.failed() != nil {
				break
			}

			if !found {
				state.pullStarted()
				ps := pullBlockState{
					sharedPullerState: state.sharedPullerState,
					block:             block,
				}
				pullChan <- ps
			} else {
				state.copyDone(block)
			}
		}
		out <- state.sharedPullerState
	}
}

func (f *rwFolder) pullerRoutine(in <-chan pullBlockState, out chan<- *sharedPullerState) {
	for state := range in {
		if state.failed() != nil {
			out <- state.sharedPullerState
			continue
		}

		// Get an fd to the temporary file. Technically we don't need it until
		// after fetching the block, but if we run into an error here there is
		// no point in issuing the request to the network.
		fd, err := state.tempFile()
		if err != nil {
			out <- state.sharedPullerState
			continue
		}

		if f.allowSparse && state.reused == 0 && state.block.IsEmpty() {
			// There is no need to request a block of all zeroes. Pretend we
			// requested it and handled it correctly.
			state.pullDone(state.block)
			out <- state.sharedPullerState
			continue
		}

		var lastError error
		candidates := f.model.Availability(f.folderID, state.file.Name, state.file.Version, state.block)
		for {
			// Select the least busy device to pull the block from. If we found no
			// feasible device at all, fail the block (and in the long run, the
			// file).
			selected, found := activity.leastBusy(candidates)
			if !found {
				if lastError != nil {
					state.fail("pull", lastError)
				} else {
					state.fail("pull", errNoDevice)
				}
				break
			}

			candidates = removeAvailability(candidates, selected)

			// Fetch the block, while marking the selected device as in use so that
			// leastBusy can select another device when someone else asks.
			activity.using(selected)
			buf, lastError := f.model.requestGlobal(selected.ID, f.folderID, state.file.Name, state.block.Offset, int(state.block.Size), state.block.Hash, selected.FromTemporary)
			activity.done(selected)
			if lastError != nil {
				l.Debugln("request:", f.folderID, state.file.Name, state.block.Offset, state.block.Size, "returned error:", lastError)
				continue
			}

			// Verify that the received block matches the desired hash, if not
			// try pulling it from another device.
			_, lastError = scanner.VerifyBuffer(buf, state.block)
			if lastError != nil {
				l.Debugln("request:", f.folderID, state.file.Name, state.block.Offset, state.block.Size, "hash mismatch")
				continue
			}

			// Save the block data we got from the cluster
			_, err = fd.WriteAt(buf, state.block.Offset)
			if err != nil {
				state.fail("save", err)
			} else {
				state.pullDone(state.block)
			}
			break
		}
		out <- state.sharedPullerState
	}
}

func (f *rwFolder) performFinish(state *sharedPullerState) error {
	// Set the correct permission bits on the new file
	if !f.ignorePermissions(state.file) {
		if err := os.Chmod(state.tempName, os.FileMode(state.file.Flags&0777)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// Set the correct timestamp on the new file
	t := time.Unix(state.file.Modified, 0)
	if err := os.Chtimes(state.tempName, t, t); err != nil {
		// Try using virtual mtimes instead
		info, err := os.Stat(state.tempName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		f.virtualMtimeRepo.UpdateMtime(state.file.Name, info.ModTime(), t)
	}

	if stat, err := osutil.Lstat(state.realName); err == nil {
		// There is an old file or directory already in place. We need to
		// handle that.

		switch {
		case stat.IsDir() || stat.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0:
			// It's a directory or a symlink. These are not versioned or
			// archived for conflicts, only removed (which of course fails for
			// non-empty directories).

			// TODO: This is the place where we want to remove temporary files
			// and future hard ignores before attempting a directory delete.
			// Should share code with f.deletDir().

			if err = osutil.InWritableDir(osutil.Remove, state.realName); err != nil {
				return err
			}

		case f.inConflict(state.version, state.file.Version):
			// The new file has been changed in conflict with the existing one. We
			// should file it away as a conflict instead of just removing or
			// archiving. Also merge with the version vector we had, to indicate
			// we have resolved the conflict.

			state.file.Version = state.file.Version.Merge(state.version)
			if err = osutil.InWritableDir(f.moveForConflict, state.realName); err != nil {
				return err
			}

		case f.versioner != nil:
			// If we should use versioning, let the versioner archive the old
			// file before we replace it. Archiving a non-existent file is not
			// an error.

			if err = f.versioner.Archive(state.realName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	// Replace the original content with the new one
	if err := osutil.Rename(state.tempName, state.realName); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// If it's a symlink, the target of the symlink is inside the file.
	if state.file.IsSymlink() {
		content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(state.realName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Remove the file, and replace it with a symlink.
		err = osutil.InWritableDir(func(path string) error {
			os.Remove(path)
			tt := symlinks.TargetFile
			if state.file.IsDirectory() {
				tt = symlinks.TargetDirectory
			}
			return symlinks.Create(path, string(content), tt)
		}, state.realName)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// Record the updated file in the index
	f.dbUpdates <- dbUpdateJob{state.file, dbUpdateHandleFile}
	return nil
}

func (f *rwFolder) finisherRoutine(in <-chan *sharedPullerState) {
	for state := range in {
		if closed, err := state.finalClose(); closed {
			l.Debugln(f, "closing", state.file.Name)

			f.queue.Done(state.file.Name)

			if err == nil {
				err = f.performFinish(state)
			}

			if err != nil {
				l.Infoln("Puller: final:", err)
				f.newError(state.file.Name, err)
			}
			events.Default.Log(events.ItemFinished, map[string]interface{}{
				"folder": f.folderID,
				"item":   state.file.Name,
				"error":  events.Error(err),
				"type":   "file",
				"action": "update",
			})

			if f.model.progressEmitter != nil {
				f.model.progressEmitter.Deregister(state)
			}
		}
	}
}

// Moves the given filename to the front of the job queue
func (f *rwFolder) BringToFront(filename string) {
	f.queue.BringToFront(filename)
}

func (f *rwFolder) Jobs() ([]string, []string) {
	return f.queue.Jobs()
}

// dbUpdaterRoutine aggregates db updates and commits them in batches no
// larger than 1000 items, and no more delayed than 2 seconds.
func (f *rwFolder) dbUpdaterRoutine() {
	const (
		maxBatchSize = 1000
		maxBatchTime = 2 * time.Second
	)

	batch := make([]dbUpdateJob, 0, maxBatchSize)
	files := make([]protocol.FileInfo, 0, maxBatchSize)
	tick := time.NewTicker(maxBatchTime)
	defer tick.Stop()

	handleBatch := func() {
		found := false
		var lastFile protocol.FileInfo

		for _, job := range batch {
			files = append(files, job.file)
			if job.file.IsInvalid() || (job.file.IsDirectory() && !job.file.IsSymlink()) {
				continue
			}

			if job.jobType&(dbUpdateHandleFile|dbUpdateDeleteFile) == 0 {
				continue
			}

			found = true
			lastFile = job.file
		}

		f.model.updateLocals(f.folderID, files)

		if found {
			f.model.receivedFile(f.folderID, lastFile)
		}

		batch = batch[:0]
		files = files[:0]
	}

loop:
	for {
		select {
		case job, ok := <-f.dbUpdates:
			if !ok {
				break loop
			}

			job.file.LocalVersion = 0
			batch = append(batch, job)

			if len(batch) == maxBatchSize {
				handleBatch()
			}

		case <-tick.C:
			if len(batch) > 0 {
				handleBatch()
			}
		}
	}

	if len(batch) > 0 {
		handleBatch()
	}
}

func (f *rwFolder) inConflict(current, replacement protocol.Vector) bool {
	if current.Concurrent(replacement) {
		// Obvious case
		return true
	}
	if replacement.Counter(f.model.shortID) > current.Counter(f.model.shortID) {
		// The replacement file contains a higher version for ourselves than
		// what we have. This isn't supposed to be possible, since it's only
		// we who can increment that counter. We take it as a sign that
		// something is wrong (our index may have been corrupted or removed)
		// and flag it as a conflict.
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func removeAvailability(availabilities []Availability, availability Availability) []Availability {
	for i := range availabilities {
		if availabilities[i] == availability {
			availabilities[i] = availabilities[len(availabilities)-1]
			return availabilities[:len(availabilities)-1]
		}
	}
	return availabilities
}

func (f *rwFolder) moveForConflict(name string) error {
	if strings.Contains(filepath.Base(name), ".sync-conflict-") {
		l.Infoln("Conflict for", name, "which is already a conflict copy; not copying again.")
		if err := osutil.Remove(name); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}

	if f.maxConflicts == 0 {
		if err := osutil.Remove(name); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}

	ext := filepath.Ext(name)
	withoutExt := name[:len(name)-len(ext)]
	newName := withoutExt + time.Now().Format(".sync-conflict-20060102-150405") + ext
	err := os.Rename(name, newName)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		// We were supposed to move a file away but it does not exist. Either
		// the user has already moved it away, or the conflict was between a
		// remote modification and a local delete. In either way it does not
		// matter, go ahead as if the move succeeded.
		err = nil
	}
	if f.maxConflicts > -1 {
		matches, gerr := osutil.Glob(withoutExt + ".sync-conflict-????????-??????" + ext)
		if gerr == nil && len(matches) > f.maxConflicts {
			sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.StringSlice(matches)))
			for _, match := range matches[f.maxConflicts:] {
				gerr = osutil.Remove(match)
				if gerr != nil {
					l.Debugln(f, "removing extra conflict", gerr)
				}
			}
		} else if gerr != nil {
			l.Debugln(f, "globbing for conflicts", gerr)
		}
	}
	return err
}

func (f *rwFolder) newError(path string, err error) {
	f.errorsMut.Lock()
	defer f.errorsMut.Unlock()

	// We might get more than one error report for a file (i.e. error on
	// Write() followed by Close()); we keep the first error as that is
	// probably closer to the root cause.
	if _, ok := f.errors[path]; ok {
		return
	}

	f.errors[path] = err.Error()
}

func (f *rwFolder) clearErrors() {
	f.errorsMut.Lock()
	f.errors = make(map[string]string)
	f.errorsMut.Unlock()
}

func (f *rwFolder) currentErrors() []fileError {
	f.errorsMut.Lock()
	errors := make([]fileError, 0, len(f.errors))
	for path, err := range f.errors {
		errors = append(errors, fileError{path, err})
	}
	sort.Sort(fileErrorList(errors))
	f.errorsMut.Unlock()
	return errors
}

// A []fileError is sent as part of an event and will be JSON serialized.
type fileError struct {
	Path string `json:"path"`
	Err  string `json:"error"`
}

type fileErrorList []fileError

func (l fileErrorList) Len() int {
	return len(l)
}

func (l fileErrorList) Less(a, b int) bool {
	return l[a].Path < l[b].Path
}

func (l fileErrorList) Swap(a, b int) {
	l[a], l[b] = l[b], l[a]
}