syncthing/lib/db/lowlevel.go

// Copyright (C) 2014 The Syncthing Authors.
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
// You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

package db

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/db/backend"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/protocol"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/sync"
	"github.com/willf/bloom"
)

const (
	// We set the bloom filter capacity to handle 100k individual items with
	// a false positive probability of 1% for the first pass. Once we know
	// how many items we have we will use that number instead, if it's more
	// than 100k. For fewer than 100k items we will just get better false
	// positive rate instead.
	indirectGCBloomCapacity          = 100000
	indirectGCBloomFalsePositiveRate = 0.01 // 1%
	indirectGCDefaultInterval        = 13 * time.Hour
	indirectGCTimeKey                = "lastIndirectGCTime"

	// Use indirection for the block list when it exceeds this many entries
	blocksIndirectionCutoff = 3
)

var indirectGCInterval = indirectGCDefaultInterval

func init() {
	if dur, err := time.ParseDuration(os.Getenv("STGCINDIRECTEVERY")); err == nil {
		indirectGCInterval = dur
	}
}

// Lowlevel is the lowest level database interface. It has a very simple
// purpose: hold the actual backend database, and the in-memory state
// that belong to that database. In the same way that a single on disk
// database can only be opened once, there should be only one Lowlevel for
// any given backend.
type Lowlevel struct {
	backend.Backend
	folderIdx  *smallIndex
	deviceIdx  *smallIndex
	keyer      keyer
	gcMut      sync.RWMutex
	gcKeyCount int
	gcStop     chan struct{}
}

func NewLowlevel(backend backend.Backend) *Lowlevel {
	db := &Lowlevel{
		Backend:   backend,
		folderIdx: newSmallIndex(backend, []byte{KeyTypeFolderIdx}),
		deviceIdx: newSmallIndex(backend, []byte{KeyTypeDeviceIdx}),
		gcMut:     sync.NewRWMutex(),
		gcStop:    make(chan struct{}),
	}
	db.keyer = newDefaultKeyer(db.folderIdx, db.deviceIdx)
	go db.gcRunner()
	return db
}

func (db *Lowlevel) Close() error {
	close(db.gcStop)
	return db.Backend.Close()
}

// ListFolders returns the list of folders currently in the database
func (db *Lowlevel) ListFolders() []string {
	return db.folderIdx.Values()
}

// updateRemoteFiles adds a list of fileinfos to the database and updates the
// global versionlist and metadata.
func (db *Lowlevel) updateRemoteFiles(folder, device []byte, fs []protocol.FileInfo, meta *metadataTracker) error {
	db.gcMut.RLock()
	defer db.gcMut.RUnlock()

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	var dk, gk, keyBuf []byte
	devID := protocol.DeviceIDFromBytes(device)
	for _, f := range fs {
		name := []byte(f.Name)
		dk, err = db.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(dk, folder, device, name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ef, ok, err := t.getFileTrunc(dk, true)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if ok && unchanged(f, ef) {
			continue
		}

		if ok {
			meta.removeFile(devID, ef)
		}
		meta.addFile(devID, f)

		l.Debugf("insert; folder=%q device=%v %v", folder, devID, f)
		if err := t.putFile(dk, f, false); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		gk, err = db.keyer.GenerateGlobalVersionKey(gk, folder, name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		keyBuf, _, err = t.updateGlobal(gk, keyBuf, folder, device, f, meta)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := t.Checkpoint(func() error {
			return meta.toDB(t, folder)
		}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := meta.toDB(t, folder); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return t.Commit()
}

// updateLocalFiles adds fileinfos to the db, and updates the global versionlist,
// metadata, sequence and blockmap buckets.
func (db *Lowlevel) updateLocalFiles(folder []byte, fs []protocol.FileInfo, meta *metadataTracker) error {
	db.gcMut.RLock()
	defer db.gcMut.RUnlock()

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	var dk, gk, keyBuf []byte
	blockBuf := make([]byte, 4)
	for _, f := range fs {
		name := []byte(f.Name)
		dk, err = db.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(dk, folder, protocol.LocalDeviceID[:], name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ef, ok, err := t.getFileByKey(dk)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if ok && unchanged(f, ef) {
			continue
		}

		if ok {
			if !ef.IsDirectory() && !ef.IsDeleted() && !ef.IsInvalid() {
				for _, block := range ef.Blocks {
					keyBuf, err = db.keyer.GenerateBlockMapKey(keyBuf, folder, block.Hash, name)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
					if err := t.Delete(keyBuf); err != nil {
						return err
					}
				}
			}

			keyBuf, err = db.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(keyBuf, folder, ef.SequenceNo())
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err := t.Delete(keyBuf); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			l.Debugf("removing sequence; folder=%q sequence=%v %v", folder, ef.SequenceNo(), ef.FileName())
		}

		f.Sequence = meta.nextLocalSeq()

		if ok {
			meta.removeFile(protocol.LocalDeviceID, ef)
		}
		meta.addFile(protocol.LocalDeviceID, f)

		l.Debugf("insert (local); folder=%q %v", folder, f)
		if err := t.putFile(dk, f, false); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		gk, err = db.keyer.GenerateGlobalVersionKey(gk, folder, []byte(f.Name))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		keyBuf, _, err = t.updateGlobal(gk, keyBuf, folder, protocol.LocalDeviceID[:], f, meta)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		keyBuf, err = db.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(keyBuf, folder, f.Sequence)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := t.Put(keyBuf, dk); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		l.Debugf("adding sequence; folder=%q sequence=%v %v", folder, f.Sequence, f.Name)

		if !f.IsDirectory() && !f.IsDeleted() && !f.IsInvalid() {
			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(blockBuf, uint32(i))
				keyBuf, err = db.keyer.GenerateBlockMapKey(keyBuf, folder, block.Hash, name)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if err := t.Put(keyBuf, blockBuf); err != nil {
					return err
				}
			}
		}

		if err := t.Checkpoint(func() error {
			return meta.toDB(t, folder)
		}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := meta.toDB(t, folder); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return t.Commit()
}

func (db *Lowlevel) dropFolder(folder []byte) error {
	db.gcMut.RLock()
	defer db.gcMut.RUnlock()

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	// Remove all items related to the given folder from the device->file bucket
	k0, err := db.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(nil, folder, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(k0.WithoutNameAndDevice()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove all sequences related to the folder
	k1, err := db.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(nil, folder, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(k1.WithoutSequence()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove all items related to the given folder from the global bucket
	k2, err := db.keyer.GenerateGlobalVersionKey(nil, folder, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(k2.WithoutName()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove all needs related to the folder
	k3, err := db.keyer.GenerateNeedFileKey(nil, folder, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(k3.WithoutName()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove the blockmap of the folder
	k4, err := db.keyer.GenerateBlockMapKey(nil, folder, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(k4.WithoutHashAndName()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return t.Commit()
}

func (db *Lowlevel) dropDeviceFolder(device, folder []byte, meta *metadataTracker) error {
	db.gcMut.RLock()
	defer db.gcMut.RUnlock()

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(nil, folder, device, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	dbi, err := t.NewPrefixIterator(key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var gk, keyBuf []byte
	for dbi.Next() {
		name := db.keyer.NameFromDeviceFileKey(dbi.Key())
		gk, err = db.keyer.GenerateGlobalVersionKey(gk, folder, name)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		keyBuf, err = t.removeFromGlobal(gk, keyBuf, folder, device, name, meta)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := t.Delete(dbi.Key()); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := t.Checkpoint(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := dbi.Error(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	dbi.Release()

	if bytes.Equal(device, protocol.LocalDeviceID[:]) {
		key, err := db.keyer.GenerateBlockMapKey(nil, folder, nil, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(key.WithoutHashAndName()); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return t.Commit()
}

func (db *Lowlevel) checkGlobals(folder []byte, meta *metadataTracker) error {
	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateGlobalVersionKey(nil, folder, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	dbi, err := t.NewPrefixIterator(key.WithoutName())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer dbi.Release()

	var dk []byte
	for dbi.Next() {
		var vl VersionList
		if err := vl.Unmarshal(dbi.Value()); err != nil || len(vl.Versions) == 0 {
			if err := t.Delete(dbi.Key()); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		// Check the global version list for consistency. An issue in previous
		// versions of goleveldb could result in reordered writes so that
		// there are global entries pointing to no longer existing files. Here
		// we find those and clear them out.

		name := db.keyer.NameFromGlobalVersionKey(dbi.Key())
		var newVL VersionList
		for i, version := range vl.Versions {
			dk, err = db.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(dk, folder, version.Device, name)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			_, err := t.Get(dk)
			if backend.IsNotFound(err) {
				continue
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			newVL.Versions = append(newVL.Versions, version)

			if i == 0 {
				if fi, ok, err := t.getFileByKey(dk); err != nil {
					return err
				} else if ok {
					meta.addFile(protocol.GlobalDeviceID, fi)
				}
			}
		}

		if newLen := len(newVL.Versions); newLen == 0 {
			if err := t.Delete(dbi.Key()); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		} else if newLen != len(vl.Versions) {
			if err := t.Put(dbi.Key(), mustMarshal(&newVL)); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	if err := dbi.Error(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	l.Debugf("db check completed for %q", folder)
	return t.Commit()
}

func (db *Lowlevel) getIndexID(device, folder []byte) (protocol.IndexID, error) {
	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateIndexIDKey(nil, device, folder)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	cur, err := db.Get(key)
	if backend.IsNotFound(err) {
		return 0, nil
	} else if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	var id protocol.IndexID
	if err := id.Unmarshal(cur); err != nil {
		return 0, nil
	}

	return id, nil
}

func (db *Lowlevel) setIndexID(device, folder []byte, id protocol.IndexID) error {
	bs, _ := id.Marshal() // marshalling can't fail
	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateIndexIDKey(nil, device, folder)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return db.Put(key, bs)
}

func (db *Lowlevel) dropMtimes(folder []byte) error {
	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateMtimesKey(nil, folder)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return db.dropPrefix(key)
}

func (db *Lowlevel) dropFolderMeta(folder []byte) error {
	key, err := db.keyer.GenerateFolderMetaKey(nil, folder)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return db.dropPrefix(key)
}

func (db *Lowlevel) dropPrefix(prefix []byte) error {
	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.close()

	if err := t.deleteKeyPrefix(prefix); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return t.Commit()
}

func (db *Lowlevel) gcRunner() {
	// Calculate the time for the next GC run. Even if we should run GC
	// directly, give the system a while to get up and running and do other
	// stuff first. (We might have migrations and stuff which would be
	// better off running before GC.)
	next := db.timeUntil(indirectGCTimeKey, indirectGCInterval)
	if next < time.Minute {
		next = time.Minute
	}

	t := time.NewTimer(next)
	defer t.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-db.gcStop:
			return
		case <-t.C:
			if err := db.gcIndirect(); err != nil {
				l.Warnln("Database indirection GC failed:", err)
			}
			db.recordTime(indirectGCTimeKey)
			t.Reset(db.timeUntil(indirectGCTimeKey, indirectGCInterval))
		}
	}
}

// recordTime records the current time under the given key, affecting the
// next call to timeUntil with the same key.
func (db *Lowlevel) recordTime(key string) {
	miscDB := NewMiscDataNamespace(db)
	_ = miscDB.PutInt64(key, time.Now().Unix()) // error wilfully ignored
}

// timeUntil returns how long we should wait until the next interval, or
// zero if it should happen directly.
func (db *Lowlevel) timeUntil(key string, every time.Duration) time.Duration {
	miscDB := NewMiscDataNamespace(db)
	lastTime, _, _ := miscDB.Int64(key) // error wilfully ignored
	nextTime := time.Unix(lastTime, 0).Add(every)
	sleepTime := time.Until(nextTime)
	if sleepTime < 0 {
		sleepTime = 0
	}
	return sleepTime
}

func (db *Lowlevel) gcIndirect() error {
	// The indirection GC uses bloom filters to track used block lists and
	// versions. This means iterating over all items, adding their hashes to
	// the filter, then iterating over the indirected items and removing
	// those that don't match the filter. The filter will give false
	// positives so we will keep around one percent of things that we don't
	// really need (at most).
	//
	// Indirection GC needs to run when there are no modifications to the
	// FileInfos or indirected items.

	db.gcMut.Lock()
	defer db.gcMut.Unlock()

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer t.Release()

	// Set up the bloom filters with the initial capacity and false positive
	// rate, or higher capacity if we've done this before and seen lots of
	// items. For simplicity's sake we track just one count, which is the
	// highest of the various indirected items.

	capacity := indirectGCBloomCapacity
	if db.gcKeyCount > capacity {
		capacity = db.gcKeyCount
	}
	blockFilter := bloom.NewWithEstimates(uint(capacity), indirectGCBloomFalsePositiveRate)

	// Iterate the FileInfos, unmarshal the block and version hashes and
	// add them to the filter.

	it, err := t.NewPrefixIterator([]byte{KeyTypeDevice})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer it.Release()
	for it.Next() {
		var bl BlocksHashOnly
		if err := bl.Unmarshal(it.Value()); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if len(bl.BlocksHash) > 0 {
			blockFilter.Add(bl.BlocksHash)
		}
	}
	it.Release()
	if err := it.Error(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Iterate over block lists, removing keys with hashes that don't match
	// the filter.

	it, err = t.NewPrefixIterator([]byte{KeyTypeBlockList})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer it.Release()
	matchedBlocks := 0
	for it.Next() {
		key := blockListKey(it.Key())
		if blockFilter.Test(key.BlocksHash()) {
			matchedBlocks++
			continue
		}
		if err := t.Delete(key); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	it.Release()
	if err := it.Error(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remember the number of unique keys we kept until the next pass.
	db.gcKeyCount = matchedBlocks

	if err := t.Commit(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return db.Compact()
}

// CheckRepair checks folder metadata and sequences for miscellaneous errors.
func (db *Lowlevel) CheckRepair() {
	for _, folder := range db.ListFolders() {
		_ = db.getMetaAndCheck(folder)
	}
}

func (db *Lowlevel) getMetaAndCheck(folder string) *metadataTracker {
	db.gcMut.RLock()
	defer db.gcMut.RUnlock()

	meta, err := db.recalcMeta(folder)
	if err == nil {
		var fixed int
		fixed, err = db.repairSequenceGCLocked(folder, meta)
		if fixed != 0 {
			l.Infof("Repaired %d sequence entries in database", fixed)
		}
	}

	if backend.IsClosed(err) {
		return nil
	} else if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	return meta
}

func (db *Lowlevel) loadMetadataTracker(folder string) *metadataTracker {
	meta := newMetadataTracker()
	if err := meta.fromDB(db, []byte(folder)); err != nil {
		l.Infof("No stored folder metadata for %q; recalculating", folder)
		return db.getMetaAndCheck(folder)
	}

	curSeq := meta.Sequence(protocol.LocalDeviceID)
	if metaOK := db.verifyLocalSequence(curSeq, folder); !metaOK {
		l.Infof("Stored folder metadata for %q is out of date after crash; recalculating", folder)
		return db.getMetaAndCheck(folder)
	}

	if age := time.Since(meta.Created()); age > databaseRecheckInterval {
		l.Infof("Stored folder metadata for %q is %v old; recalculating", folder, age)
		return db.getMetaAndCheck(folder)
	}

	return meta
}

func (db *Lowlevel) recalcMeta(folder string) (*metadataTracker, error) {
	meta := newMetadataTracker()
	if err := db.checkGlobals([]byte(folder), meta); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer t.close()

	var deviceID protocol.DeviceID
	err = t.withAllFolderTruncated([]byte(folder), func(device []byte, f FileInfoTruncated) bool {
		copy(deviceID[:], device)
		meta.addFile(deviceID, f)
		return true
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	meta.SetCreated()
	if err := meta.toDB(t, []byte(folder)); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := t.Commit(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return meta, nil
}

// Verify the local sequence number from actual sequence entries. Returns
// true if it was all good, or false if a fixup was necessary.
func (db *Lowlevel) verifyLocalSequence(curSeq int64, folder string) bool {
	// Walk the sequence index from the current (supposedly) highest
	// sequence number and raise the alarm if we get anything. This recovers
	// from the occasion where we have written sequence entries to disk but
	// not yet written new metadata to disk.
	//
	// Note that we can have the same thing happen for remote devices but
	// there it's not a problem -- we'll simply advertise a lower sequence
	// number than we've actually seen and receive some duplicate updates
	// and then be in sync again.

	t, err := db.newReadOnlyTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	ok := true
	if err := t.withHaveSequence([]byte(folder), curSeq+1, func(fi FileIntf) bool {
		ok = false // we got something, which we should not have
		return false
	}); err != nil && !backend.IsClosed(err) {
		panic(err)
	}
	t.close()

	return ok
}

// repairSequenceGCLocked makes sure the sequence numbers in the sequence keys
// match those in the corresponding file entries. It returns the amount of fixed
// entries.
func (db *Lowlevel) repairSequenceGCLocked(folderStr string, meta *metadataTracker) (int, error) {
	t, err := db.newReadWriteTransaction()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	defer t.close()

	fixed := 0

	folder := []byte(folderStr)

	// First check that every file entry has a matching sequence entry
	// (this was previously db schema upgrade to 9).

	dk, err := t.keyer.GenerateDeviceFileKey(nil, folder, protocol.LocalDeviceID[:], nil)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	it, err := t.NewPrefixIterator(dk.WithoutName())
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	defer it.Release()

	var sk sequenceKey
	for it.Next() {
		intf, err := t.unmarshalTrunc(it.Value(), true)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		fi := intf.(FileInfoTruncated)
		if sk, err = t.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(sk, folder, fi.Sequence); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		switch dk, err = t.Get(sk); {
		case err != nil:
			if !backend.IsNotFound(err) {
				return 0, err
			}
			fallthrough
		case !bytes.Equal(it.Key(), dk):
			fixed++
			fi.Sequence = meta.nextLocalSeq()
			if sk, err = t.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(sk, folder, fi.Sequence); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
			if err := t.Put(sk, it.Key()); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
			if err := t.putFile(it.Key(), fi.copyToFileInfo(), true); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
		}
		if err := t.Checkpoint(func() error {
			return meta.toDB(t, folder)
		}); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	if err := it.Error(); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	it.Release()

	// Secondly check there's no sequence entries pointing at incorrect things.

	sk, err = t.keyer.GenerateSequenceKey(sk, folder, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	it, err = t.NewPrefixIterator(sk.WithoutSequence())
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	defer it.Release()

	for it.Next() {
		// Check that the sequence from the key matches the
		// sequence in the file.
		fi, ok, err := t.getFileTrunc(it.Value(), true)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		if ok {
			if seq := t.keyer.SequenceFromSequenceKey(it.Key()); seq == fi.SequenceNo() {
				continue
			}
		}
		// Either the file is missing or has a different sequence number
		fixed++
		if err := t.Delete(it.Key()); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	if err := it.Error(); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	it.Release()

	if err := meta.toDB(t, folder); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return fixed, t.Commit()
}

// unchanged checks if two files are the same and thus don't need to be updated.
// Local flags or the invalid bit might change without the version
// being bumped.
func unchanged(nf, ef FileIntf) bool {
	return ef.FileVersion().Equal(nf.FileVersion()) && ef.IsInvalid() == nf.IsInvalid() && ef.FileLocalFlags() == nf.FileLocalFlags()
}