ramips: Add a tool to create JCG factory images

This tool creates factory images for JCG routers.
Details can be found in the header comment of jcgimage.c.

Signed-off-by: Reinhard Max <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Torsten Duwe <[email protected]>

SVN-Revision: 48888

tools/firmware-utils/Makefile

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ define Host/Compile
 	$(call cc,dgn3500sum)
 	$(call cc,edimax_fw_header, -Wall)
 	$(call cc,mkmerakifw sha1, -Wall)
+	$(call cc,jcgimage, -lz -Wall)
 endef
 
 define Host/Install

tools/firmware-utils/src/jcgimage.c

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+/*
+ * jcgimage - Create a JCG firmware image
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Reinhard Max <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * JCG firmware update images consist of a 512 byte header and a
+ * modified uImage (details below) as the payload.
+ *
+ * The payload is obfuscated by XORing it with a key that is generated
+ * from parts of the header. Fortunately only non-essential parts of
+ * the header are used for this and zeroing them results in a zero
+ * key, effectively disabling the obfuscation and allowing us to use
+ * clear text payloads.
+ *
+ * The mandatory parts of the header are:
+ *
+ * - A magic string of "YSZJ" at offset 0.
+ * - A value of 1 at offset 39 (header format version?)
+ * - A CRC32 checksum of the payload at offset 504.
+ * - A CRC32 checksum of the header at offset 508.
+ *
+ * An image constructed by these rules will be accepted by JCG's
+ * U-Boot in resuce mode via TFTP and the payload will be written to
+ * the flash starting at offset 0x00050000.
+ *
+ * JCG's U-Boot does check the content or size of the payload
+ * image. If it is too large, it wraps around and overwrites U-Boot,
+ * requiring JTAG to revive the board. To prevent such bricking from
+ * happening, this tool refuses to build such overlong images.
+ *
+ * Two more conditions have to be met for a JCG image to be accepted
+ * as a valid update by the web interface of the stock firware:
+ *
+ *   - The bytes at offsets 109 and 111 in the header must be a binary
+ *   representation of the first two components of the firmware
+ *   version as displayed in the update web form, or it will be
+ *   rejected as "incorrect product".
+ *
+ *   - The payload must start with a valid uImage header whose data
+ *   CRC checksum matches the whole rest of the update file rather
+ *   than just the number of bytes specified in the size field of the
+ *   header.
+ *
+ * This last condition is met by JCG's original firmware images,
+ * because they have both, kernel and rootfs inside the uImage and
+ * abuse the last four bytes of the name field to record the offset of
+ * the file system from the start of the uImage header. This tool
+ * produces such images when called with -k and -r, which are meant to
+ * repack the original firmware after modifying the file systen,
+ * e.g. to add debugging tools and enable shell access.
+ *
+ * In contrast, OpenWrt sysupgrade images consist of a uImage that
+ * only contains the kernel and has the rootfs appended to it. Hence,
+ * the CRC over kernel and file system does not match the one in the
+ * uImage header. Fixing this by adjusting the uImage header is not
+ * possible, because it makes the uImage unusable for booting. Instead
+ * we append four "patch" bytes to the end of the file system, that
+ * are calculated to force the checksum of kernel+fs to be the same as
+ * for the kernel alone.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/*
+ * JCG Firmware image header
+ */
+#define JH_MAGIC 0x59535a4a    /* "YSZJ" */
+struct jcg_header {
+    uint32_t jh_magic;
+    uint8_t  jh_version[32];   /* Firmware version string. Fill with
+				  zeros to avoid encryption */
+    uint32_t jh_type;          /* must be 1 */
+    uint8_t  jh_info[64];      /* Firmware info string. Fill with
+				  zeros to avoid encryption */
+    uint32_t jh_time;          /* Image creation time in seconds since
+				* the Epoch. Does not seem to be used
+				* by the stock firmware. */
+    uint16_t jh_major;         /* Major fimware version */
+    uint16_t jh_minor;         /* Minor fimrmware version */
+    uint8_t  jh_unknown[392];  /* Apparently unused and all zeros */
+    uint32_t jh_dcrc;          /* CRC checksum of the payload */
+    uint32_t jh_hcrc;          /* CRC checksum of the header */
+};
+
+/*
+ * JCG uses a modified uImage header that replaces the last four bytes
+ * of the image name with the length of the kernel in the image.
+ */
+#define IH_MAGIC    0x27051956    /* Image Magic Number     */
+#define IH_NMLEN    28            /* Image Name Length      */
+
+struct uimage_header {
+    uint32_t    ih_magic;         /* Image Header Magic Number */
+    uint32_t    ih_hcrc;          /* Image Header CRC Checksum */
+    uint32_t    ih_time;          /* Image Creation Timestamp  */
+    uint32_t    ih_size;          /* Image Data Size           */
+    uint32_t    ih_load;          /* Data     Load  Address    */
+    uint32_t    ih_ep;            /* Entry Point Address       */
+    uint32_t    ih_dcrc;          /* Image Data CRC Checksum   */
+    uint8_t     ih_os;            /* Operating System          */
+    uint8_t     ih_arch;          /* CPU architecture          */
+    uint8_t     ih_type;          /* Image Type                */
+    uint8_t     ih_comp;          /* Compression Type          */
+    uint8_t     ih_name[IH_NMLEN];/* Image Name                */
+    uint32_t    ih_fsoff;         /* Offset of the file system partition */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Open the named file and return its size and file descriptor.
+ * Exit in case of errors.
+ */
+int
+opensize(char *name, size_t *size)
+{
+    struct stat s;
+    int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+	err(1, "cannot open \"%s\"", name);
+    }
+    if (fstat(fd, &s) == -1) {
+	err(1, "cannot stat \"%s\"", name);
+    }
+    *size = s.st_size;
+    return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the JCG header
+ */
+void
+mkjcgheader(struct jcg_header *h, size_t psize, char *version)
+{
+    uLong crc;
+    uint16_t major = 0, minor = 0;
+    void *payload = (void *)h + sizeof(*h);
+
+    if (version != NULL) {
+	if (sscanf(version, "%hu.%hu", &major, &minor) != 2) {
+	    err(1, "cannot parse version \"%s\"", version);
+	}
+    }
+
+    memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h));
+    h->jh_magic = htonl(JH_MAGIC);
+    h->jh_type  = htonl(1);
+    h->jh_time  = htonl(time(NULL));
+    h->jh_major = htons(major);
+    h->jh_minor = htons(minor);
+
+    /* CRC over JCG payload (uImage) */
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    crc = crc32(crc, payload, psize);
+    h->jh_dcrc  = htonl(crc);
+
+    /* CRC over JCG header */
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    crc = crc32(crc, (void *)h, sizeof(*h));
+    h->jh_hcrc  = htonl(crc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the uImage header
+ */
+void
+mkuheader(struct uimage_header *h, size_t ksize, size_t fsize)
+{
+    uLong crc;
+    void *payload = (void *)h + sizeof(*h);
+
+    // printf("mkuheader: %p, %zd, %zd\n", h, ksize, fsize);
+    memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h));
+    h->ih_magic = htonl(IH_MAGIC);
+    h->ih_time  = htonl(time(NULL));
+    h->ih_size  = htonl(ksize + fsize);
+    h->ih_load  = htonl(0x80000000);
+    h->ih_ep    = htonl(0x80292000);
+    h->ih_os    = 0x05;
+    h->ih_arch  = 0x05;
+    h->ih_type  = 0x02;
+    h->ih_comp  = 0x03;
+    h->ih_fsoff = htonl(sizeof(*h) + ksize);
+    strcpy((char *)h->ih_name, "Linux Kernel Image");
+
+    /* CRC over uImage payload (kernel and file system) */
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    crc = crc32(crc, payload, ntohl(h->ih_size));
+    h->ih_dcrc  = htonl(crc);
+    printf("CRC1: %08lx\n", crc);
+
+    /* CRC over uImage header */
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    crc = crc32(crc, (void *)h, sizeof(*h));
+    h->ih_hcrc  = htonl(crc);
+    printf("CRC2: %08lx\n", crc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate a "patch" value and write it into the last four bytes of
+ * buf, so that the CRC32 checksum of the whole buffer is dcrc.
+ *
+ * Based on: SAR-PR-2006-05: Reversing CRC – Theory and Practice.
+ * Martin Stigge, Henryk Plötz, Wolf Müller, Jens-Peter Redlich.
+ * http://sar.informatik.hu-berlin.de/research/publications/#SAR-PR-2006-05
+ */
+void
+craftcrc(uint32_t dcrc, uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
+{
+    int i;
+    uint32_t a;
+    uint32_t patch = 0;
+    uint32_t crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+
+    a = ~dcrc;
+    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+	if (patch & 1) {
+	    patch = (patch >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320L;
+	} else {
+	    patch >>= 1;
+	}
+	if (a & 1) {
+	    patch ^= 0x5b358fd3L;
+	}
+	a >>= 1;
+    }
+    patch ^= ~crc32(crc, buf, len - 4);
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+	buf[len - 4 + i] = patch & 0xff;
+	patch >>= 8;
+    }
+    /* Verify that we actually get the desired result */
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    crc = crc32(crc, buf, len);
+    if (crc != dcrc) {
+	errx(1, "CRC patching is broken: wanted %08x, but got %08x.", dcrc, crc);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+usage() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n"
+	    "   jcgimage -o outputfile -u uImage [-v version]\n"
+	    "   jcgimage -o outputfile -k kernel -f rootfs [-v version]\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+#define MODE_UNKNOWN 0
+#define MODE_UIMAGE 1
+#define MODE_KR 2
+
+/* The output image must not be larger than 4MiB - 5*64kiB */
+#define MAXSIZE (size_t)(4 * 1024 * 1024 - 5 * 64 * 1024)
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    struct jcg_header *jh;
+    struct uimage_header *uh;
+    int c;
+    char *imagefile = NULL;
+    char *file1 = NULL;
+    char *file2 = NULL;
+    char *version = NULL;
+    int mode = MODE_UNKNOWN;
+    int fdo, fd1, fd2;
+    size_t size1, size2, sizeu, sizeo, off1, off2;
+    void *map;
+
+    /* Make sure the headers have the right size */
+    assert(sizeof(struct jcg_header) == 512);
+    assert(sizeof(struct uimage_header) == 64);
+
+    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "o:k:f:u:v:h")) != -1) {
+	switch (c) {
+	case 'o':
+	    imagefile = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'k':
+	    if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE)
+		errx(1,"-k cannot be combined with -u");
+	    mode = MODE_KR;
+	    file1 = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'f':
+	    if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE)
+		errx(1,"-f cannot be combined with -u");
+	    mode = MODE_KR;
+	    file2 = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'u':
+	    if (mode == MODE_KR)
+		errx(1,"-u cannot be combined with -k and -r");
+	    mode = MODE_UIMAGE;
+	    file1 = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'v':
+	    version = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'h':
+	default:
+	    usage();
+	}
+    }
+    if (optind != argc) {
+	errx(1, "illegal arg \"%s\"", argv[optind]);
+    }
+    if (imagefile == NULL) {
+	errx(1, "no output file specified");
+    }
+    if (mode == MODE_UNKNOWN)
+	errx(1, "specify either -u or -k and -r");
+    if (mode == MODE_KR) {
+	if (file1 == NULL || file2 == NULL)
+	    errx(1,"need -k and -r");
+	fd2 = opensize(file2, &size2);
+    }
+    fd1 = opensize(file1, &size1);
+    if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) {
+	off1 = sizeof(*jh);
+	sizeu = size1 + 4;
+	sizeo = sizeof(*jh) + sizeu;
+    } else {
+	off1 = sizeof(*jh) + sizeof(*uh);
+	off2 = sizeof(*jh) + sizeof(*uh) + size1;
+	sizeu = sizeof(*uh) + size1 + size2;
+	sizeo = sizeof(*jh) + sizeu;
+    }
+
+    if (sizeo > MAXSIZE)
+	errx(1,"payload too large: %zd > %zd\n", sizeo, MAXSIZE);
+
+    fdo = open(imagefile, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 00644);
+    if (fdo < 0)
+	err(1, "cannot open \"%s\"", imagefile);
+
+    if (ftruncate(fdo, sizeo) == -1) {
+	err(1, "cannot grow \"%s\" to %zd bytes", imagefile, sizeo);
+    }
+    map = mmap(NULL, sizeo, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fdo, 0);
+    uh = map + sizeof(*jh);
+    if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
+	err(1, "cannot mmap \"%s\"", imagefile);
+    }
+
+    if (read(fd1, map + off1, size1) != size1)
+	err(1, "cannot copy %s", file1);
+
+    if (mode == MODE_KR) {
+	if (read(fd2, map+off2, size2) != size2)
+	    err(1, "cannot copy %s", file2);
+	mkuheader(uh, size1, size2);
+    } else if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) {
+	craftcrc(ntohl(uh->ih_dcrc), (void*)uh + sizeof(*uh),
+		 sizeu - sizeof(*uh));
+    }
+    mkjcgheader(map, sizeu, version);
+    munmap(map, sizeo);
+    close(fdo);
+    return 0;
+}
+